Cell features and organelles difference
Answers
Answer:
A cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm lie intricate arrangements of fine fibers and hundreds or even thousands of miniscule but distinct structures called organelles.
Cells must perform some main functions in order to support and maintain life:
Absorption, digestion, respiration, excretion, egestion, secretion, movement, and reproduction.
List of Important Cell Organelles and their Functions:
1. The plasma membrane is also termed as a Cell Membrane or Cytoplasmic Membrane. It is a selectively permeable membrane of the cell, which is composed of a lipid bilayer and proteins.
2. The cytoplasm is present both in plant and animal cells. They are jelly-like substances, found between the cell membrane and nucleus. They are mainly composed of water, organic and inorganic compounds. The cytoplasm is one of the essential components of the cell, where all the cell organelles are embedded.
3. The nucleus is a double-membraned organelle found in all eukaryotic cells. It is the largest organelle, which functions as the control centre of the cellular activities and is the storehouse of the cell’s DNA. By structure, the nucleus is dark, round, surrounded by a nuclear membrane. It is a porous membrane (like cell membrane) and forms a wall between cytoplasm and nucleus.
4. The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of membranous canals filled with fluid. They are the transport system of the cell, involved in transporting materials throughout the cell.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - RER - is composed of cisternae, tubules, and vesicles, which are found throughout the cell and are involved with protein manufacture.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum - SER - is the storage organelle, associated with the production of lipids, steroids, and also responsible for detoxifying the cell.
5. Mitochondria are called the powerhouses of the cell as they produce energy-rich molecules for the cell. The mitochondrial genome is inherited maternally in several organisms. It is a double membrane-bound, sausage-shaped organelle, found in almost all eukaryotic cells.
6. Plastids are large, membrane-bound organelles which contain pigments. Based on the type of pigments, plastids are of three types - Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts and Leucoplasts.
7. Ribosomes are nonmembrane-bound and important cytoplasmic organelles found in close association with the endoplasmic reticulum.
8. Golgi Apparatus also termed as Golgi Complex. It is a membrane-bound organelle, which is mainly composed of a series of flattened, stacked pouches called cisternae. This cell organelle is primarily responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipid to targeted destinations.
9. Vacuoles are mostly defined as storage bubbles of irregular shapes which are found in cells. They are fluid-filled organelles enclosed by a membrane. The vacuole stores the food or a variety of nutrients that a cell might need to survive. In addition to this, it also stores waste products. The waste products are eventually thrown out by vacuoles.
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