Question

Cell organelles and their function

Answer 1

Answer:

The cellular components are called the Cell Organelles. These cell organelles are membrane-bound, present within the cells and are distinct in their structures and functions. They coordinate with their functions efficiently for the normal functioning of the cell. Few of them functions by providing shape and support, whereas some are involved in the locomotion and reproduction of a cell. There are various organelles present within the cell and are classified into three categories based on the presence or absence of membrane.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Functions performed by the Cell Organelles:

1. Endoplasmic Reticulum -

  (a) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Synthesis of Lipids & Steroids.
• Detoxification of Drugs.
• Associated with muscle contraction by release & uptake of $ca^{2+}$ ions.

  (b) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• It gives rise to SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum).
• Site for Protein Synthesis
• Provides precursors of enzymes for the formation of Lysosomes in Golgi Complex.

2. Golgi Complex -

• The important function of Golgi apparatus is to package the material and prepare for secretions.

• The  packaged material is delivered either to the intracellular targets i.e. within the cell or secreted extra cellular  targets i.e., outside the cell.
• The material to be secreted moves from ER to the Golgi apparatus in the  form of vesicles. These vesicles are then fuse with the cis face and move towards the maturing face of  the golgi apparatus.

• Golgi apparatus is closely associated with ER in structural as well as  functional aspects.
• A number of proteins synthesised by ribosomes on the ER are transferred to Golgi apparatus. These proteins  are then modified in the cisternae of Golgi apparatus before they are released from its trans face.
• Golgi apparatus is the important site of formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

3. Nucleus -

• Highly specialized organelle - serves as the information processing & administrative center of the cell.

        2 Major functions:

• Stores the cell's hereditary material(DNA)
• coordinates the cell's activities Growth, Metabolism, Protein synthesis, & Reproduction (cell division).

4. Chloroplast -

• Photosynthesis
• Storage of starch

5. Vacuoles -

• Storage
• Ingestion
• Digestion
• Excretion

6. Mitochondria -​

• Main site for Aerobic Respiration.
• Power House of the cell.
• Helps to perform various energy requiring processes.