Certain repeats in the genome remain fixed even after the element transposes out
Answers
Answered by
0
Repetitive DNA in the human genome
Approximately 50% of the human genome is comprised of repeats. The table in panel ashows various named classes of repeat in the human genome, along with their pattern of occurrence (shown as ‘repeat type’ in the table; this is taken from the RepeatMasker annotation). The number of repeats for each class found in the human genome, along with the percentage of the genome that is covered by the repeat class (Cvg) and the approximate upper and lower bounds on the repeat length (bp). The graph in panel b shows the percentage of each chromosome, based on release hg19 of the genome, covered by repetitive DNA as reported by RepeatMasker. The colours of the graph in panel bcorrespond to the colours of the repeat class in the table in panel a. Microsatellites constitute a class of repetitive DNA comprising tandem repeats that are 2–10 bp in length, whereas minisatellites are 10–60 bp in length, and satellites are up to 100 bp in length and are often associated with centromeric or pericentromeric regions of the genome. DNA transposons are full-length autonomous elements that encode a protein, transposase, by which an element can be removed from one position and inserted at another. Transposons typically have short inverted repeats at each end. Long terminal repeat (LTR) elements (which are often referred to as retrovirus-like elements) are characterized by the LTRs (200–5000 bp) that are harboured at each end of the retrotransposon. LINE, long interspersed nuclear element; rDNA, ribosomal DNA; SINE, short interspersed nuclear element.
Approximately 50% of the human genome is comprised of repeats. The table in panel ashows various named classes of repeat in the human genome, along with their pattern of occurrence (shown as ‘repeat type’ in the table; this is taken from the RepeatMasker annotation). The number of repeats for each class found in the human genome, along with the percentage of the genome that is covered by the repeat class (Cvg) and the approximate upper and lower bounds on the repeat length (bp). The graph in panel b shows the percentage of each chromosome, based on release hg19 of the genome, covered by repetitive DNA as reported by RepeatMasker. The colours of the graph in panel bcorrespond to the colours of the repeat class in the table in panel a. Microsatellites constitute a class of repetitive DNA comprising tandem repeats that are 2–10 bp in length, whereas minisatellites are 10–60 bp in length, and satellites are up to 100 bp in length and are often associated with centromeric or pericentromeric regions of the genome. DNA transposons are full-length autonomous elements that encode a protein, transposase, by which an element can be removed from one position and inserted at another. Transposons typically have short inverted repeats at each end. Long terminal repeat (LTR) elements (which are often referred to as retrovirus-like elements) are characterized by the LTRs (200–5000 bp) that are harboured at each end of the retrotransposon. LINE, long interspersed nuclear element; rDNA, ribosomal DNA; SINE, short interspersed nuclear element.
Similar questions