ch 4 class 12 pol. science deep
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After the end of the Second World War, there was a dilemma among many European leaders over the status of Europe. The Second World War shattered the structure on which the European states had based their relations.
The Cold War aided the integration of Europe after 1945. The European economy was revived by the extensive financial support by USA under the ‘Marshall Plan’.
The Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was established in 1948 to channel aid to the West European states. Another step forward in political cooperation was the establishment of the council of Europe in 1949.
The disintegration of USSR led to the formation of European Union in 1992 which laid the foundation for a common foreign and security policy, cooperation on justice and creation of a single currency.
The European Union has evolved over time from an economic union to an increasingly political one.
The European Union has economic, political, diplomatic and military influence.
Economically, the European Union is the world’s biggest economy. It had a GDP of more than $12 trillion in 2005. Its currency Euro, can pose a threat to the dominance of the US dollar.
On the political and diplomatic ground, Britain and France, the two members of EU are permanent members of the UN Security Council.
In the defence field, the European Union’s combined armed forces are the second largest in the world.
Association of South East Asian Nations [ASEAN]
Before and during the Second World War, the South East Asia suffered a lot from repeated colonialism i.e. both European and Japanese.
There were problems of nation-building, ravages of poverty and economic backwardness and a pressure to align with any of the two super blocs.
The South East Asian Countries established the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967 as an alternative to Bandung conference and the Non-Aligned Movement.
On the ASEAN logo, the ten stalks of paddy (Rice) represent the ten South East Asian countries bound together in friendship and solidarity. The circle symbolises the unity of ASEAN.
There were five founding countries-Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
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