ch1 science class 9 notes
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Main topics covered in CBSE Class 9 Science, Matter in Our Surroundings: Capter Notes, are:
Matter, its definition and caracteristics
Diffusion and its Applications
Brownian Motion
States of Matter
Interconversion of Three States of Matter
Evaporation
Important physical quantities and their SI units
Matter:
Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter.
It exists in the form of five basic elements, the Panch tatva – air, earth, fire , sky and water.
For example: Chair, bed, river, mountain, dog, tree, building, etc.
Characteristics of matter:
Matter is made up of small particles called atoms.
These particles are too small to be observed with naked eye.
These particles are constantly moving constantly.
These particles have spaces between them.
Particles of matter attract each other because of the force of attraction.
Diffusion:-
Particles of matter intermix on their own with each other. They do so by getting into the spaces between the particles. This intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is called diffusion.
Applications of Diffusion:
Dissolving a solid in a liquid:
When a crystal of potassium permanganate is placed in a beaker of water, the water slowly turns purple on its own, even without stirring.
Both potassium permanganate crystal and water are made up of tiny particles.
When the potassium permanganate crystal is put in water, the purple colored particles of potassium permanganate spread throughout water making the whole water look purple.
Actually, on dissolving, the particles of potassium permanganate get into the spaces between the particles of water.
This shows that the particles have spaces between them and are continuously moving on their own.
Brownian motion of particles (By Robert Brown):
The random or zig-zag movement of microscopic particles in a fluid, as a result of continuous bombardment from molecules of the surrounding medium, is known as Brownian motion.
For example, dust moves randomly because the random moving particles of air collide with dust particles.
Basis of Classification of Matter:
Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles
Three States of Matter:
solid. liquid. gas