challenges faced by the Indian farmers in the present time ( 200 - 250 words )
Answers
Answer:
. Small and fragmented land-holdings:
The seemingly abundance of net sown area of 141.2 million hectares and total cropped area of 189.7 million hectares (1999-2000) pales into insignificance when we see that it is divided into economically unviable small and scattered holdings.
The average size of holdings was 2.28 hectares in 1970-71 which was reduced to 1.82 hectares in 1980-81 and 1.50 hectares in 1995-96. The size of the holdings will further decrease with the infinite Sub-division of the land holdings.
2. Seeds:
Seed is a critical and basic input for attaining higher crop yields and sustained growth in agricultural production. Distribution of assured quality seed is as critical as the production of such seeds. Unfortunately, good quality seeds are out of reach of the majority of farmers, especially small and marginal farmers mainly because of exorbitant prices of better seeds.
3. Manures, Fertilizers and Biocides:
Indian soils have been used for growing crops over thousands of years without caring much for replenishing. This has led to depletion and exhaustion of soils resulting in their low productivity. The average yields of almost all the crops are among t e lowest in the world. This is a serious problem which can be solved by using more manures and fertilizers.
4. Irrigation:
Although India is the second largest irrigated country of the world after China, only one-third of the cropped area is under irrigation. Irrigation is the most important agricultural input in a tropical monsoon country like India where rainfall is uncertain, unreliable and erratic India cannot achieve sustained progress in agriculture unless and until more than half of the cropped area is brought under assured irrigation.
5. Lack of mechanisation:
In spite of the large scale mechanisation of agriculture in some parts of the country, most of the agricultural operations in larger parts are carried on by human hand using simple and conventional tools and implements like wooden plough, sickle, etc.
6. Soil erosion:
Large tracts of fertile land suffer from soil erosion by wind and water. This area must be properly treated and restored to its original fertility.
7. Agricultural Marketing:
Agricultural marketing still continues to be in a bad shape in rural India. In the absence of sound marketing facilities, the farmers have to depend upon local traders and middlemen for the disposal of their farm produce which is sold at throw-away price.
8. Scarcity of capital:
Agriculture is an important industry and like all other industries it also requires capital. The role of capital input is becoming more and more important with the advancement of farm technology. Since the agriculturists’ capital is locked up in his lands and stocks, he is obliged to borrow money for stimulating the tempo of agricultural production.
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Explanation:
In the present day and age, the government is taking great care of the farmers. There are several beneficial schemes that not only provide easy loans to the farmers but also give them the raw materials with which they can revamp the farming procedure. In several countries outside of India, farming technology has become advanced and highly scientific.
There were several parts in the country where slashing and burning down of forests to increase farmable land is still carried on. It is under this prudent thought that we have to regulate agricultural activities. Most of the farmers living in India are impoverished. They do not get the benefit of regular ration. The farmers live under dismal conditions and often die of starvation. Suicide among farmers has become more common in the recent era.
The government has continuously monitored the lives of people involved in agricultural activities. The government has brought new schemes to improve the lifestyle if framers. The loans provide are presented to the farmers at cheap rates. The return period on these loans is also long.
Several agricultural activities are still done in primitive ways. Irrigation has been popularised in recent years. Agriculture Science has been taught in several colleges for decades. It is only now that enrollment in such courses is increasing. The farmers also had to suffer under the British Rule.
The British also destroyed several industries whose raw material was provided by agricultural activities. Although the farmers suffered tremendously, we cannot forget how important their jobs are in sustaining the country