Challenging aspects of modern Indian history 5 points answero
Answers
Broadly, independent India faced three kinds of challenges.
DIVERSITY:
The first and the immediate challenge was to shape a nation that was united, yet accommodative of the diversity in our society.
At that time it was widely believed that a country full of diversity could not remain together for long.
DEMOCRACY:
The second challenge was to establish democracy. You have already studied the Indian Constitution.
The Constitution granted fundamental rights and extended the right to vote to every citizen.
A democratic constitution is necessary but not sufficient for establishing a democracy.
The challenge was to develop democratic practices in accordance with the Constitution.
DEVELOPMENT :
The third challenge was to ensure the development and wellbeing of the entire society and not only of some sections.
The real challenge was to evolve effective policies for economic development and eradication of poverty.
Process of Partition
‘India’ was to be divided into two countries, ‘India’ and ‘Pakistan’. Such a division was not only very painful, but also very difficult to decide and to implement.
It was decided to follow the principle of religious majorities. This basically means that areas where the Muslims were in majority would make up the territory of Pakistan. The rest was to stay with India.
The idea might appear simple, but it presented all kinds of difficulties.
First of all, there was no single belt of Muslim majority areas in British India. There were two areas of concentration, one in the west and one in the east. There was no way these two parts could be joined. So it was decided that the new country, Pakistan, will comprise two territories, West and East Pakistan separated by a long expanse of Indian territory.
Secondly, not all Muslim majority areas wanted to be in Pakistan. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, the undisputed leader of the North Western Frontier Province and known as ‘Frontier Gandhi’, was staunchly opposed to the two-nation theory. Eventually, his voice was simply ignored and the NWFP was made to merge with Pakistan.
The third problem was that two of the Muslim majority provinces of British India, Punjab and Bengal, had very large areas where the non-Muslims were in majority. Eventually it was decided that these two provinces would be bifurcated according to the religious majority at the district or even lower level. This decision could not be made by the midnight of 14-15 August. It meant that a large number of people did not know on the day of Independence whether they were in India or in Pakistan.
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Answer:
#)I think the most challenging aspect of modern Indian history is Indian National movements and development after the independence.
#)The movement was limited any particular section of the Indian society.
#)The Indian National Congress(INC), the revolutionaries, the peasants and the tribal groups challanged the British rule.
Explanation: