chandrayaan 2 paragraph
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Mission Chandrayaan-2 (candra-yāna, transl. "mooncraft";[15][16] About this soundpronunciation (help·info)) is the second lunar exploration mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO),[17][18] after Chandrayaan-1.[19][20] It consisted of a lunar orbiter, the Vikram lander, and the Pragyan lunar rover, all of which were developed in India.[21] The main scientific objective is to map and study the variations in lunar surface composition, as well as the location and abundance of lunar water.[22][23]
Chandrayaan-2
Chandrayaan-2 lander and orbiter integrated module.jpg
Chandrayaan-2 composite
Mission type
Lunar orbiter, lander, rover
Operator
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
COSPAR ID
2019-042A
SATCAT no.
44441Edit this on Wikidata
Website
www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-home-0
Mission duration
Orbiter: ~ 7 years
Elapsed: 2 months, 22 days
Vikram lander ≤ 14 days[1][2]
Pragyan rover: ≤ 14 days[2]
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Launch mass
Combined (wet): 3,850 kg (8,490 lb)[3][4][5]
Combined (dry): 1,308 kg (2,884 lb)[6]
Orbiter (wet): 2,379 kg (5,245 lb)[4][5]
Orbiter (dry): 682 kg (1,504 lb)[6]
Vikram lander (wet): 1,471 kg (3,243 lb)[4][5]
Vikram lander (dry): 626 kg (1,380 lb)[6]
Pragyan rover: 27 kg (60 lb)[4][5]
Power
Orbiter: 1 kW[7]
Vikram lander: 650 W
Pragyan rover: 50 W
Start of mission
Launch date
22 July 2019, 14:43:12 IST (09:13:12 UTC)[8]
Rocket
GSLV Mk III[9][10]
Launch site
Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad
Contractor
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Moon orbiter
Orbital insertion
20 August 2019, 09:02 IST (03:32 UTC) [11][12]
Orbital parameters
Periapsis altitude
100 km (62 mi)[13]
Apoapsis altitude
100 km (62 mi)[13]
Inclination
90° (polar orbit)
Moon lander
Spacecraft component
Rover
Landing date
7 September 2019, 01:53 IST (failure)
(6 September 2019, 20:23 UTC) [14][12]
Chandrayaan programme
← Chandrayaan-1Chandrayaan-3 →
File:ISRO Chandrayaan 2 Working.ogg.480p.vp9.webmPlay media
Chandrayaan-2 mission explained
The spacecraft was launched on its mission to the Moon from the second launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 22 July 2019 at 2.43 PM IST (09:13 UTC) by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III).[9][10][24] The craft reached the Moon's orbit on 20 August 2019 and began orbital positioning manoeuvres for the landing of the Vikram lander.[25] Vikram and the rover were scheduled to land on the near side of the Moon, in the south polar region[26] at a latitude of about 70° south on 6 September 2019 and conduct scientific experiments for one lunar day, which approximates two Earth weeks.
However, the lander deviated from its intended trajectory starting at 2.1 kilometres (1.3 mi) altitude,[27] and had lost communication when touchdown confirmation was expected.[28][29] Initial reports suggesting a crash[30][31] were confirmed by ISRO chairman K. Sivan, stating that "it must have been a hard landing".[32] The Failure Analysis Committee concluded that the crash was caused by a software glitch that operated only one of its five main engines during the final landing phase.[33]
ISRO may re-attempt a soft landing by November 2020 with Chandrayaan-3. The proposed configuration would include a detachable propulsion module, a lander and a rover.[34][35][36][37]
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Answer:
Chandrayaan 2 was launched on July 22 from the same launch pad from which Chandrayaan 1 had taken off. Instead of using the outdated PSLV rocket used earlier, the spacecraft made use of the advanced Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III).
The spacecraft is expected to land on the Moon's on September 7, 2019. According to NASA, the Moon's polar craters have the Solar System's lowest temperature. It will be the first probe in the world which will land on the lunar south pole. The main mission objective is the exploration of lunar water near the polar region.
Also, ISRO plans to test the capabilities of its lunar rover named Pragyan. Weighing 27kg, the rover operates on solar power and travels at a speed of 1cm per second. It will continuously perform chemical analysis of the soil and send back to the lander (named Vikram), which will update the ground station.
It is expected that the rover will operate for 14 days but the duration may vary since Pragyan uses solar power to keep itself up.
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