Question

Changes of 1992 amendment 73

Answer 1

the 73rd amendment 1992 added a new part 9to the constitution title the panchyat visible as it has changed power epuation significantly

Answer 2

In order to do away with the inherent weakness of the village Panchayati Raj System, the Parliament passed the Constitution 73rd Amendment Act, 1992. By this Act, a new chapter: 'Part -IX, the Panchayat's was inserted in the Constitution of India. This Amendment sought to remove the inherent weaknesses of the Panchayati Raj System in the country. The main feature of the 73rd Amendment, 1992 are as below:

By inserting ‘Part-IX: The Panchayat’s in the Constitution of India, the Panchayat Raj Institutions in India have become Constitutional bodies.

Establishment of Panchayats in every states have become mandatory under Article 243-B.

Provisions of mandatory devolution of powers, authority and responsibilities by the state Government to the Panchayats have been made in Article 243-G.

The tenures of the village Panchayats have been fixed to five years under Article 243-E.

Mechanism of State Election Commission has been provided to conduct Independent Election under Article 243-K.

Provision for giving due representation to SC/ST or Women in the Village Panchayats have been made under Article 243-D.

Provision to review the financial position of the Panchayats once in 5 years through State Finance Commission has been made under Article 243-I.


The functioning of Panchayats after Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992

The expectations: The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 has brought many expectations amongst the Panchayati Raj Institutions and their members in the Country.

The implementation: The states have implemented most of the Constitutional Provisions of “Part-IX: the Panchayats” inserted in the Constitution of India by 73rd Amendment 1992. Though, the implementation of the new provisions for strengthening the PRIs differs from states to states, the overall functioning of the PRIs in the country have shown significant improvement since 73rd Amendment, 1992.

Implementation of Article 243G: However, most of the States could not implement Article 243-G of the Constitution, which is related to Devolution of Powers to the Panchayats. The Article reads as:

Article 243-G Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayat: The Legislature of a state may, by Law, endow the Panchayats with such powers and authority and may be necessary to enable them to function as Institutions of self-government and such low may contain provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats, at the appropriate level…

The Provision of the Constitution is to be implemented by the states by carrying out Activity Mapping and devolving 3Fs (Function, Fund and Functionaries) to PRIs, relating to 29 subjects listed in the Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution. While some states like Kerala, Karnataka, Sikkim, West Bengol, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Madya Pradesh etc. have taken good steps in devolution of Power, authority and responsibilities to the Panchayats, other states like Goa, Arunachal Pradesh and Jharkhand have done little in devolving Powers to the Panchayats as provided under Article 243-G of the Constitution.

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