changing of the agrarian class structure
Answers
Answer: Post- Independence, we can say that rural India has structured itself into four classes and that is what becomes a part of the system. If we look at the agricultural field then it has three classes within itself- landowners, tenants and the laborers; while the fourth class being of the non- agriculturalists. The data of the distribution of these classes is as follows: landowners- 22%, tenants- 27%, agricultural laborers- 31% and non-agriculturalists only 20%. Because of the most population depending and sustaining their lives on agriculture, India is known as an agrarian country.
agrarian class structure
60% people here are marginal cultivators and own less than 2% hectares land, small cultivators- 16% with 2 to 5 hectares land, medium cultivators- 6% with 5 to 10 hectares land and big cultivators who comprise 18% of the population but own more than 10 hectares of land. In villages, every family gets land which is less than one-acre I.e, 0.4 hectares. 75% land area is occupied by food crops. About 35% of total production is sold by cultivators.
The marketing process is all in the hands of the intermediaries who are a link between the producers, cultivators, and sellers and regulate the trade. The village people live a miserable economic life which includes the agrarian proletarians, uneconomic holders of land in large numbers, few artisans and self- employed people. The agrarian structure establishes certain relations which can be classified as:
Defined and enforced by law
Which are customary
Which can fluctuate
Daniel rejects the rural classification into three in agriculture. (Landlords, tenants, laborers)
The reason for his rejection was that one same man could belong to all the classes simultaneously or could even change his position which is why it has a fluctuating relationship. The landlord or Malik will own his land and obtain his income through property rights in the soil (not necessarily), and then he could either give his land to any tenant or get it cultivated by the laborers himself or get them managed by someone else.
The Malik could have subsidiary incomes too either through other business or profession. The Malik’s are two types- the ones who stay away from their land where agriculture takes place and those who stay in the village itself where the peasants are working. Maliks own more land as compared to the Kisan. The family income of kisans are low which is why the members end up working as labourers to earn the additional livelihood. They receive small wages in cash. On being unable to find work in their village itself, they migrate to other places or states to work as labourers in agriculture, industries or construction. Like mostly the Bihar people migrate to Punjab and Uttar Pradesh people to Maharashtra.
Explanation: