Chapter 1 Geography
Q.1 what is soil erosion ? Explain the major types of soil erosions prevailing in India
Q.2 Do you think that resources are free gifts of nature as is assumed by many ? Justify your answer with any three suitable arguments.
Q.3 Which is the main cause of land degradation in Gujarat , Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh ? How can it be checked ? Explain.
Q.4 What is the relevance of Gandhian model of resource conservation in today's world ?
Q.5 "Sustainability of development is a new area of knowledge ."Do you agree ? Justify you answer .
Answers
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Explanation:
1.Accelerated soil erosion , wind erosion, water erosion, sheet erosion, gully erosion , landslides or slip erosion and stream bank erosion are prevailing in india.
2.They are not free gifts of nature as :
(i) Resources are a function of human activities,
(ii) Human beings themselves are essential components of resources.
(iii) They transform material available in our environment into resources and use them.
For example river is a natural resource but river become a resource when its water is used for irrigation or power production.
3.(i) Main Cause: Large scale overgrazing has caused severe land degradation. (ii) Measures to check include: (a) Afforestation and proper management of grazing
4.What is the relevance of Gandhian model of resource conservation in today's world? ... Gandhiji said, “There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's greed.” He blamed the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level.
5.Yes, sustainability of development is indeed a new area of knowledge. ... Therefore, in the present day scenario, stress is laid on the sustainability of development and several researches in devising methods for development with these assets, has spawned a new area of knowledge.
Answer 1) Soil erosion is the removal of soil by the forces of nature like wind and water, more rapidly than the various soil forming processes can replace it.”
Types of Soil Erosion :
(a) Water Erosion : Water is a powerful agent of soil erosion. Following are the major types of erosion caused by water.
(i) Sheet Erosion : When the top layer of the soil is removed over a large area by the running water, it is called as sheet erosion.
(ii) Rill Erosion : This is the second stage of sheet erosion. If erosion continues unchecked for a sufficient time, (rills) or small finger-shaped grooves which are a few centimetres in depth, may develop on the landscape
(iii) Gully Erosion : This is the third stage of sheet erosion. With further erosion of the soil, the rills may deepen and become enlarged, and are ultimately turned into gullies.
(b) Wind erosion : Wind is a powerful agent of erosion in arid and semi-arid lands with little rainfall. Wind can lift the valuable top soil from one area and deposits in another area.
Answer 2) They are not free gifts of nature as :
(i) Resources are a function of human activities,
(ii) Human beings themselves are essential components of resources.
(iii) They transform material available in our environment into resources and use them.
For example river is a natural resource but river become a resource when its water is used for irrigation or power production.
ANSWER 3) Main Cause: Large scale overgrazing has caused severe land degradation.
(ii) Measures to check include:
(a) Afforestation and proper management of grazing.
(b) Planting of shelter belts of plants.
(c) Stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes.
(d) Control on overgrazing.
ANSWER 4) Gandhiji said, “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed.” He blamed the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level.
Irrational consumption and over-utilization of resources has led to the socio-economic and environmental problems of shortages and pollution. As resources are vital for any developmental activity, resource conservation at various levels is important to overcome these problems. If resources are used up at the same rate as they are generated or formed, they will be maintained for use by future generations.
ANSWER 5) Yes, we agree with this statement. The reasons are:
(i) Sustainability of development is comparatively a new area of knowledge in which scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together.
(ii) In general, the question of development or progress is perennial.
(iii) At all times, as a member of society and as an individual’s we need to ask where we want to go, what we wish to become and what our goals are. So the debate on development continues