Chapter 12 : Janapadas and Mahajanapadas
Extra Questions
1. Write briefly about ‘Punch marked’coins.
2. Who was Bimbisara? Write in brief about his administration.
3. What were the officials assisting the king known as?
4. Who was the head of the Republic?
5. Give an account of the important rulers of the Magadha empire.
6. What were the main occupations of the people of the Magadha
empire?
Answers
Answer:
it's history ...not geography.......
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1.Punch-marked coins are a type of early coinage of India, dating to between about the 6th and 2nd centuries BCE. ... These coins were made of silver of a standard weight but with an irregular shape. This was gained by cutting up silver bars and then making the correct weight by cutting the edges of the coin.
2.Bimbisāra (c. 558 – c. 491 BC[2][3] or during the late 5th century BC[4]) also known as Seniya or Shrenika in the Jain histories[5][6] was a King of Magadha (r. 543 – 492 BC[7] or c. 400 BC[8]) and belonged to the Haryanka dynasty.[9] He was the son of Bhattiya.[10] His expansion of the kingdom, especially his axiomatic of the kingdom of Anga to the east, is considered to have laid the foundations for the later expansion of the Maurya Empire.[11]
3.A regent (from the Latin regens:[1] ruling, governing[2][3]) is a person appointed to govern a state pro tempore (Latin: 'for the time being') because the regnant monarch is a minor, is absent, or is incapacitated.[2][4] The rule of a regent or regents is called a regency. A regent or regency council may be formed ad hoc or in accordance with a constitutional rule. Regent is sometimes a formal title granted to a monarch's most trusted advisor or assistant. If the regent is holding his position due to his position in the line of succession, the compound term prince regent is often used; if the regent of a minor is his mother, she is often referred to as queen regent.
If the formally appointed regent is unavailable or cannot serve on a temporary basis, a regent ad interim may be appointed to fill the gap.
In a monarchy, a regent usually governs due to one of these reasons, but may also be elected to rule during the interregnum when the royal line has died out. This was the case in the Kingdom of Finland and the Kingdom of Hungary, where the royal line was considered extinct in the aftermath of World War I. In Iceland, the regent represented the King of Denmark as sovereign of Iceland until the country became a republic in 1944. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795), kings were elective, which often led to a fairly long interregnum. In the interim, it was the Roman Catholic primate (the archbishop of Gniezno) who served as the regent, termed the interrex (Latin: ruler 'between kings' as in ancient Rome). In the small republic of San Marino, the two captains regent, or capitani reggenti, are elected semi-annually (they serve a six-month term) as joint heads of state and of government.
Famous regency periods include that of the Prince Regent, later George IV of the United Kingdom, giving rise to many terms such as Regency era and Regency architecture. Strictly this period lasted from 1811 to 1820, when his father George III was insane, though when used as a period label it generally covers a wider period. Philippe II, Duke of Orléans was Regent of France from the death of Louis XIV in 1715 until Louis XV came of age in 1723; this is also used as a period label for many aspects of French history, as Régence in French, again tending to cover a rather wider period than the actual regency. The equivalent Greek term is epitropos (επίτροπος), meaning overseer.
4..PRESIDENT
5.Rulers. Two notable rulers of Magadha were Bimbisara (also known as Shrenika) and his son Ajatashatru (also known as Kunika), who are mentioned in Buddhist and Jain literature as contemporaries of the Buddha and Mahavira.
6.Magadha was an ancient Indian kingdom in southern Bihar, and was counted as one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas, 'Great Countries' of ancient India. Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire, originated in Magadha.