chapter =6 cbse class9 networking basics and multimedia plz send all ans plz of computer
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OSI Network Layers
It has long been recognized that network communication is a complex task that involves multiple levels of protocols. A multilayer protocol architecture was thus proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984, called Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), documented by ISO Standard 7498. The OSI Reference Model has the following network layers:
Physical Layer. Defines electrical and mechanical properties of the physical interface (e.g., signal level, specifications of the connectors, etc.); also specifies the functions and procedural sequences performed by circuits of the physical interface.
Data Link Layer. Specifies the ways to establish, maintain, and terminate a link, such as transmission and synchronization of data frames, error detection and correction, and access protocol to the Physical layer.
Network layer. Defines the routing of data from one end to the other across the network, such as circuit switching or packet switching. Provides services such as addressing, internetworking, error handling, congestion control, and sequencing of packets.
Transport layer. Provides end - to - end communication between end systems that support end - user applications or services. Supports either connection - oriented or connectionless protocols. Provides error recovery and flow control.
Session layer. Coordinates interaction between user applications on different hosts, manages sessions (connections), such as completion of long file transfers.