Question

CHAPTER EXERCISE
Very Short Answer (VSA) Type Questions
11 Mark each)
3.
1. Which raw material is responsible for release of o, in
photosynthesis?
2. What happens to extra glucose or carbohydrate in an
animal body?
Name an energy rich carbohydrate stored in large
quantities in liver and muscle cells.
4. What is mainly digested by stomach of man?
Short Answer (SA) Type I Questions
(2 Marks ea
5. How does most Co, reach the photosynthesising cells
of a green leaf?
6.
Why do plants need nitrogen? How do they obtain it?
7. Name the two molecules produced by the digestion of
starch and fat respectively
8. What will happen if the liver of a person
damaged?
9. HOTS Draw a graph which shows the effe
temperature on the rate of photosynthesis.​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Water is the primary raw material which is responsible for the oxygen release during photosynthesis.

2. When the amount of ATP available is in excess of the body's requirements, the liver uses the excess ATP and excess glucose to produce molecules called glycogen (a polymeric form of glucose) that is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle cells.

4.Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum in which 3 main enzymes, pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas, break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids.

5. Plants get the carbon dioxide they need from the air through their leaves. It moves by diffusion through small holes in the underside of the leaf called stomata . ... These let carbon dioxide reach the other cells in the leaf, and also let the oxygen produced in photosynthesis leave the leaf easily.

6.Plants obtain nitrogen through a natural process. ... Bacteria in the soil convert the nitrogen to ammonium and nitrate, which is taken up by the plants by a process of nitrogen fixation. All plants need nitrogen to make amino acids, proteins and DNA, but the nitrogen in the atmosphere is not in a form that they can use.

7.During digestion, the bonds between glucose molecules are broken by salivary and pancreatic amylase, and result in progressively smaller chains of glucose. This process produces the simple sugars glucose and maltose (two glucose molecules) that can be absorbed by the small intestine.

8. Over time, conditions that damage the liver can lead to scarring (cirrhosis), which can lead to liver failure, a life-threatening condition. But early treatment may give the liver time to heal.

9. 9th Answer in the attachment.

Answer 2

1)water(H2O)

2) Glycogenesis in the liver converts extra glucose into insoluble glycogen and it is stored in the liver, or it is converted to fat and stored under the skin, around organs ,etc.

3) Glycogen

4)Milk proteins(Casein) and other proteins are digested into peptides in acidic medium.

5)Most of the CO2 reaches the photosynthesizing cells of a green leaf through the stomata present mostly in the lower epidermis of dicot, dorsiventral leaves.

6)Plants need Nitrogen as it is the most important macronutrient that is required in large quantities by plants, nitrogen is mostly taken in the form of nitrates and ammonium. It is required for the synthesis of lipoproteins and macromolecules such as DNA and RNA.

7)=>The digestion of starch in the mouth by the salivary amylase(ptyalin) produces maltose and later in the small intestine, it is eventually broken down to give monosaccharides and mainly glucose.

=>The digestion of fats produces fatty acids and glycerol which is absorbed by the lacteal(a lymphatic vessel) present in the villi in the ileum of small intestine.

8)The liver is an extremely important organ that detoxifies the blood that is brought to it by the hepatic vein and the hepatic artery. It removes harmful substances such as alcohol and nicotine. It conducts important processes such as Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis as well as deamination. It regulates the metabolism of fatty acids and produces important substances and releases them into the blood .It also produces bile. If the liver is damaged, then toxins will accumulate in the blood, amino acids will not be broken down and the blood will become toxic. Oedema or swelling in the abdomen and other symptoms are noticed. This might even be fatal.

9) =>The rate of photosynthesis rises up to 35 C, after which it reduces and stops at 40 degrees C.