characterisitics feature of ferns
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What is a fern? —Ferns have 3 major parts – the rhizome, the fronds and the reproductive structures called sporangia. The characteristics of each of these 3 parts of the fern plant are used for classification and identification. ... An erect rhizome, which is a solid mass that gives rise to a tuft of fronds.
Fronds
Fern leaves are called fronds, which are diverse in size, texture and color, depending on species. The delta maidenhair fern (Adiantum raddianum), which is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) plant hardiness zones 10 and 11, has fan-shaped leaflets on its fronds. Japanese painted fern (Athyrium niponicum var. pictum) is a colorful plant that is hardy in USDA zones 3 through 8 and has reddish and silver hues against its green fronds. The common staghorn fern (Platycerium bifurcatum), which grows in USDA zones 9 through 12, is aptly named for its resemblance to forked deer antlers.
Spores
Regardless of the appearance of fronds, they facilitate ferns' reproductive cycle. Typically formed on the undersides of frond leaflets, spore cases called sporangia contain individual spores. Sporangia are sometimes misidentified as scale insects, although sporangia are found on leaflets and scale insects congregate around the midribs of fronds. After the spores mature, the sporangia burst open, which releases the spores. Although most ferns grow in moist, shady locations, others tolerate sunny sites. Water, however, must be present to help ferns finish their reproductive cycle.
Prothallia
Spores that fall onto favorable substrates germinate into prothallia, which are second-generation leaflike structures that bear no resemblance to first-generation parent plants. These prothallia contain the male sperm that must swim through water to reach and fertilize the female sexual organs. Some ferns, such as shield ferns (Dryopteris spp.), including Japanese shield fern (Dryopteris erythrosora), which grows in USDA zones 5 through 8, also may produce small plantlets on their fronds as a way of asexual propagation. These plantlets are fully formed, skipping the typical intermediate step of second-generation prothallia.
Rhizomes
A characteristic feature of ferns is their root structure. Ferns spread by rhizomes, which are stems that may run just above or just below the ground. The rhizomes produce fronds above them and roots below them. Some ferns have spreading habits while others have clumping forms, but both types produce roots from their rhizomes. Rabbit’s foot fern (Davallia fejeensis), which grows in USDA zones 10 through 12, has furry rhizomes that grow up and over containers, making the fern resemble rabbit feet or tarantula spider legs.
What is a fern? —Ferns have 3 major parts – the rhizome, the fronds and the reproductive structures called sporangia. The characteristics of each of these 3 parts of the fern plant are used for classification and identification. ... An erect rhizome, which is a solid mass that gives rise to a tuft of fronds.
Fronds
Fern leaves are called fronds, which are diverse in size, texture and color, depending on species. The delta maidenhair fern (Adiantum raddianum), which is hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) plant hardiness zones 10 and 11, has fan-shaped leaflets on its fronds. Japanese painted fern (Athyrium niponicum var. pictum) is a colorful plant that is hardy in USDA zones 3 through 8 and has reddish and silver hues against its green fronds. The common staghorn fern (Platycerium bifurcatum), which grows in USDA zones 9 through 12, is aptly named for its resemblance to forked deer antlers.
Spores
Regardless of the appearance of fronds, they facilitate ferns' reproductive cycle. Typically formed on the undersides of frond leaflets, spore cases called sporangia contain individual spores. Sporangia are sometimes misidentified as scale insects, although sporangia are found on leaflets and scale insects congregate around the midribs of fronds. After the spores mature, the sporangia burst open, which releases the spores. Although most ferns grow in moist, shady locations, others tolerate sunny sites. Water, however, must be present to help ferns finish their reproductive cycle.
Prothallia
Spores that fall onto favorable substrates germinate into prothallia, which are second-generation leaflike structures that bear no resemblance to first-generation parent plants. These prothallia contain the male sperm that must swim through water to reach and fertilize the female sexual organs. Some ferns, such as shield ferns (Dryopteris spp.), including Japanese shield fern (Dryopteris erythrosora), which grows in USDA zones 5 through 8, also may produce small plantlets on their fronds as a way of asexual propagation. These plantlets are fully formed, skipping the typical intermediate step of second-generation prothallia.
Rhizomes
A characteristic feature of ferns is their root structure. Ferns spread by rhizomes, which are stems that may run just above or just below the ground. The rhizomes produce fronds above them and roots below them. Some ferns have spreading habits while others have clumping forms, but both types produce roots from their rhizomes. Rabbit’s foot fern (Davallia fejeensis), which grows in USDA zones 10 through 12, has furry rhizomes that grow up and over containers, making the fern resemble rabbit feet or tarantula spider legs.
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Their plant body is differentiated into roots stem and leaves
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