Question

Characteristic of ground water and common impurities found in ground water

Answer 1

characteristics:

1. Electrical Conductivity:

1)Electrical conductivity can be defined as a numerical expression of the ability of an aqueous solution to carry an electrical current. This ability depends on the presence of ions, their concentration, mobility, valence and relative concentrations and on the temperature.

2. Sodium:

Sodium salts are extremely soluble in water and remains in solution after it is leached from the top soil. High concentration of sodium in groundwater may be harmful to individuals with cardiac, renal and circulatory diseases. Excess concentrations of sodium salts in drinking water can also be harmful to animals. Sodium saturated soils lose permeability functions, rendering land unsuitable for cultivation.

3. Nitrate:

Nitrate ions are formed from nitrate or ammonium ions by specific microorganisms that occur in soil, water, sewage and digestive tract of organisms. It may also be formed by the oxidation of ammonium ions by soil or water borne microorganisms. High intake of nitrates by warm­blooded animals, particularly those under three months of age, is hazardous. Infant methemoglobinemia is caused if the drinking water contains excessive nitrate.

4. Fluoride:

Fluoride is a very important constituent of teeth and bones in the human body. Fluorides at high levels are toxic to human. The high fluoride rich water affects dental enamel and may cause skeletal damages.

5. Chloride:

Chloride is the dominant anion (negatively charged ion) in acidic groundwater. It is not harmful to human beings until high concentrations are reached.

impurities in groundwater are :Examples of point sources include:

* Industrial plants

* Commercial businesses

* Wastewater treatment plants

Examples of non-point sources include:

* Agricultural runoff

* Urban runoff

* Atmospheric Deposition

Answer 2

Answer:

$\huge\boxed{\dag\sf\red{Ground}\dag}$

$\huge\boxed{\dag\sf\red{Water}\dag}$

• The water from precipitation, that is from rain flows from rain or snow flow on the surface.
• The water which gets collected under the surface of the land is know as groundwater which remains in the soil,sub-soil or bedrock.
• Groundwater consist of 0.66 per cent of usable water on the earth.

impurities found in ground water:-

• metals such as iron and manganese are dissolved and may later be found in high concentrations in the water.
• Industrial discharges, urban activities, agriculture, groundwater pumpage, and disposal of waste all can affect groundwater quality.

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