Characteristics of: Angora wool, Cashmere, Yak wool.
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Near infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemiometric analysis was investigated as a fast and non destructive method for the identification of wool, cashmere, yak, and angora rabbit fibers in the raw and combed sliver state and for the quantitative determination of cashmere in cashmere/wool blends. The main differences among spectra of different animal hair arise from physical charateristics rather than chemical characteristics (mainly pigmentation and mean diameter) of animal fibers. The Soft Independent Modelling by Class Analogy method allows the classification of distinct fibers into separate groups with interclass distances ranging from 12.64 for the nearest classes (white cashmere and wool) to above 1000 for the most distant classes of white and pigmented fibers. Percentages of recognition and rejection of 100 % were found with the exception of a yak sample that was not rejected from the pigmented cashmere class (98 % of rejection). The prediction capacity of the model was also evaluated. Quantitative analysis was carried out using samples obtained by carefully mixing known amounts of wool and white cashmere. A standard error of the estimate of 8.5, a standard error of prediction of 13.10 and a coefficient of determination of 0.95 were calculated. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that near infrared spectroscopy can be used as a tool for an initial and rapid screening of unknown animal fiber samples in the raw and combed sliver states and for a fast and coarse estimate of the amount of cashmere in wool/cashmere blends.
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angora wool;Angora hair or Angora fibre refers to the downy coat produced by the Angora rabbit. While the names of the source animals are similar, Angora fibre is distinct from mohair, which comes from the Angora goat. Angora fibre is also distinct from cashmere, which comes from the cashmere goat. Angora is known for its softness, thin fibres, and what knitters refer to as a halo (fluffiness). It is also known for its silky texture. It is much warmer and lighter than wool due to the hollow core of the angora fibre. It also gives them[clarification needed] their characteristic floating feel.
Angora rabbits produce coats in a variety of colours, from white through tan, gray, and brown to black. Good quality Angora fibre is around 12–16 micrometres in diameter, and can cost as much as US$10–16 per ounce (35 to 50 cents/gram). It feltsvery easily, even on the animal itself if it is not groomed frequently.
Yarns of 100% angora are typically used as accents. They have the most halo and warmth, but can felt very easily through abrasion and humidity and can be excessively warm in a finished garment. The fibre is normally blended with wool to give the yarn elasticity, as Angora fibre is not naturally elastic. The blend decreases the softness and halo as well as the price of the finished object. Commercial knitting yarns typically use 30–50% angora, in order to produce some halo, warmth, and softness without the side effects of excessive felting.
Cashmere;Cashmere is a type of wool that is made from the hair of a certain type of goat native to the Gobi Desert and Central Asia. Long considered to be one of the softest and most luxurious types of wool in existence, cashmere is highly prized as a material for sweaters, scarves, and other light cold-weather gear.
While cashmere is not as insulative as other types of wool, it is much softer and finer, which makes it possible to weave cashmere into highly dense but thin fabric. This type of wool will not insulate you as well as traditional sheep wool, but it is soft enough to wear directly next to the skin, which is advantageous for applications like underwear and undershirts.
yak fibre;Yak fiber is the term commonly used to refer yak fiber wool produced from the coat hair of yaks (Bos grunniens), a long-haired bovine mainly found in the Himalayan region, Tibetan plateau, and some areas of Mongolia and Central Asia.
Yak fiber wool has been used by nomads in the Trans-Himalayan region for over a thousand years to make clothing, tents, ropes and blankets. More recently the fiber has started to be used in the garment industry to produce premium-priced clothing and accessories.