characteristics of bryophite at least 6 points
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1. Water is necessary for the act of fertilization, i.e., biflagellated antherozoids swim across the film of water.
2. True roots are absent. Instead unicellular (Riccia, Marchantia) or multicellular (Funaria) rhizoids are present.
3. Vascular tissues are absent. So the name Atracheata has been given by Oswal Tippo.
4. Sex organs are multicellular and jacketed. They are male antheridium and female archegonium.
5. Archegonium is flask shaped with tubular neck and a swollen venter. The wall of venter divides periclinally to form a protective covering called calyptra.
6. Sexual reproduction is of oogamous type. Fertilization produces an embryo inside the archegonium, which grows into a sporophyte.
7. The sporophyte of sporogonium is parasitic over the gametopphyte. It is differentiated into foot, seta and capsule(although only capsule in Riccia). Spore are produced inside the capsule. Bryophytes are homosporus.
8. Bryophytes show heteromorphic or heterologous alternation of generation in the life cycle.