Characteristics of central business district in india
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The CBD or Central Business District isthe focal point of a city.It
isthe commercial, office, retail, and cultural center of the city and usually isthe center point for
transportation networks.
The CBD developed asthe marketsquare in ancient cities. On
market days, farmers, merchants, and consumers would gather in the center of the city to exchange, buy,
and sell goods. This ancient market isthe forerunner to the CBD. As cities grew and developed,
CBDs became a fixed location where retail and commerce took place.The CBD istypically at or near
the oldest part of the city and is often near a major transportation route that provided the site for the city's
location,such as a river, railroad, or highway.Over time, the CBD developed into a center of finance
and control or government as well as office space.
In the early 1900s, European and American cities had CBDsthat
featured primarily retail and commercial cores. In the mid-20th century, the CBD expanded to include
office space and commercial businesses while retail took a back seat. The growth of the skyscraper
occurred in CBDs, making them more and more dense.
By the beginning of the 21st century, the CBD had become a diverse
region of the metropolitan area and included residential, retail, commercial, universities,
entertainment, government, financial institutions, medical centers, and culture.The experts of the
city are often located at workplaces or institutionsin the CBD—lawyers, doctors, academics,
government officials and bureaucrats, entertainers, directors, and financiers.In recent decades, the
combination of gentrification (residential expansion) and development ofshopping malls as
entertainment centers have given the CBD new life.
The term CBD was used to describe the downtown of American
Cities, where the term originated in the industrial towns during 19th century (1) but wasimplied in the
western world in the coming decades. The CBD is quite difficult to define as usually there is no
boundary demarcating or indicating the CBD area, the CBD area is delineated based on a number of
factorsif any documentation isrequired. Hence, CBD cannot be defined in technical termsfor it is
more of a spatial identity in planning terminology, and often, there is no quantitative definition which
can be used to describe CBDs.
Definitions are qualitative such asthe CBD is “the nucleus of an urban
area that containsthe main concentration of commercial land use” (2) or a “unique area of massive
concentration of activities and focusfor the polarization of capital, economic and financial activitiesin
cities” (3).
The idea of CBDs never existed in the Indian scenario, the city centre
became the commercial core and it wasidentified asthe centre for Trade and Commerce as well. The
Urban Sprawl generated a wave of transportation corridors and hence, there was a need to establish
designated CBDs with all the public amenities at one place, commerce, institution and services. After
partition of India in 1947, cities grew rapidly asthere was an immediate need to accommodate the
refugeesfrom Pakistan and Bangladesh. Hence, Delhi and its nearby areas witnessrapid growth.
Gradually, the concept of District centerssoaked in, and various district centers emerged all
overdeveloping cities.
Commonly in India, an average size of city does not have a distinct CBD
resembling the cities of USA and Western Europe. One may identify a compact CBD in the
metropolises of Kolkata (Chowringhee), Mumbai (Kalba Devi-Tank Rd.), Bangalore (M.G. Road),
Delhi (Old Chandni Chowk), New Delhi (Connaught Place), etc. There may not be a single compact
area. But in our cities, being multiple nuclei in structure, there may be small central areas developed on
and around different nuclei.
transportation networks.
The CBD developed asthe marketsquare in ancient cities. On
market days, farmers, merchants, and consumers would gather in the center of the city to exchange, buy,
and sell goods. This ancient market isthe forerunner to the CBD. As cities grew and developed,
CBDs became a fixed location where retail and commerce took place.The CBD istypically at or near
the oldest part of the city and is often near a major transportation route that provided the site for the city's
location,such as a river, railroad, or highway.Over time, the CBD developed into a center of finance
and control or government as well as office space.
In the early 1900s, European and American cities had CBDsthat
featured primarily retail and commercial cores. In the mid-20th century, the CBD expanded to include
office space and commercial businesses while retail took a back seat. The growth of the skyscraper
occurred in CBDs, making them more and more dense.
By the beginning of the 21st century, the CBD had become a diverse
region of the metropolitan area and included residential, retail, commercial, universities,
entertainment, government, financial institutions, medical centers, and culture.The experts of the
city are often located at workplaces or institutionsin the CBD—lawyers, doctors, academics,
government officials and bureaucrats, entertainers, directors, and financiers.In recent decades, the
combination of gentrification (residential expansion) and development ofshopping malls as
entertainment centers have given the CBD new life.
The term CBD was used to describe the downtown of American
Cities, where the term originated in the industrial towns during 19th century (1) but wasimplied in the
western world in the coming decades. The CBD is quite difficult to define as usually there is no
boundary demarcating or indicating the CBD area, the CBD area is delineated based on a number of
factorsif any documentation isrequired. Hence, CBD cannot be defined in technical termsfor it is
more of a spatial identity in planning terminology, and often, there is no quantitative definition which
can be used to describe CBDs.
Definitions are qualitative such asthe CBD is “the nucleus of an urban
area that containsthe main concentration of commercial land use” (2) or a “unique area of massive
concentration of activities and focusfor the polarization of capital, economic and financial activitiesin
cities” (3).
The idea of CBDs never existed in the Indian scenario, the city centre
became the commercial core and it wasidentified asthe centre for Trade and Commerce as well. The
Urban Sprawl generated a wave of transportation corridors and hence, there was a need to establish
designated CBDs with all the public amenities at one place, commerce, institution and services. After
partition of India in 1947, cities grew rapidly asthere was an immediate need to accommodate the
refugeesfrom Pakistan and Bangladesh. Hence, Delhi and its nearby areas witnessrapid growth.
Gradually, the concept of District centerssoaked in, and various district centers emerged all
overdeveloping cities.
Commonly in India, an average size of city does not have a distinct CBD
resembling the cities of USA and Western Europe. One may identify a compact CBD in the
metropolises of Kolkata (Chowringhee), Mumbai (Kalba Devi-Tank Rd.), Bangalore (M.G. Road),
Delhi (Old Chandni Chowk), New Delhi (Connaught Place), etc. There may not be a single compact
area. But in our cities, being multiple nuclei in structure, there may be small central areas developed on
and around different nuclei.
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