characterize calamitaceae?
Answers
Answer:
Calamitaceae is an extinct family of plants related to the modern horsetails.[1] Some members of this family attained tree-like stature during the Carboniferous Period (around 360 to 300 million years ago) and in Permian Period, reaching heights of up to 20 meters. The family takes its name from its principal genus Calamites.
Anatomy
The foliage (Annularia) of Calamites
The trunks of Calamites had a distinctive segmented, bamboo-like appearance and vertical ribbing. The branches, leaves and cones were all borne in whorls. The leaves were needle-shaped, with up to 25 per whorl.
Their trunks produced secondary xylem, meaning they were made of wood. The vascular cambium of Calamites was unifacial, producing secondary xylem towards the stem center, but not secondary phloem.
The stems of modern horsetails are typically hollow or contain numerous elongated air-filled sacs. Calamites was similar in that its trunk and stems were hollow, like wooden tubes. When these trunks buckled and broke, they could fill with sediment. This is the reason pith casts of the inside of Calamites stems are so common as fossils.
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