Question

characterstics of mantle layer of earth​

Answer 1

Answer:

• It is 82% of earth’s volume.

• It is 2885 km thick
• It is composed of basaltic (ultramafic) rock and minerals such as olivine, peridotite, and pyroxene.
• It is stratified into three main layer : the Lithosphere, the Athenosphere, and the Mesosphere.

• The lithosphere consists of the very top of the mantle and the crust (to a depth of approximately 100 km). The plates of the crust that carry the continental masses, and where these plates move, are a part of the lithosphere. The lithosphere is normally considered rigid.

• The asthenosphere, which is a semi-plastic layer (also called the liquid layer) that sits just under the lithosphere. This is also a zone of heat transfer from the core through the mesosphere (via convection currents) to the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere extends below the lithosphere to a depth of about 700 km; below a depth of approximately 150 km rock is hot enough to flow.

• The mesosphere, (or the rest of the mantle) lies under the asthenosphere.

• The largest elemental content of the mantle are silicate materials, with some ferrous minerals, ferrous-nickel alloys, and magnesium.

• As the core transmits heat to the mantle, plumes form that push upwards through the mantle (mesosphere) and into the asthenosphere. As mantle material transfers its heat upward and cools, it sinks as the cooler side of the convection current.

• As the mantle (mesosphere), by virtue of its convection currents, provides “hot” material upwards, there is a corresponding manifestation of the material in the lithosphere / crust.

• One example of this is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which sits atop the juncture of one or more convection cells (providing hot material) and the subduction zones of the oceanic crust are the equivalent to the “colder”, sinking material side of the convection currents.

• The core is the Earth’s heat engine. The mantle is the heat transfer medium between the core and the crust.

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