chemical combustion of sanitizerand soap
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Explanation:
Hand sanitizer is a liquid, gel, or foam generally used to decrease infectious agents on the hands.[3][4] In most settings, hand washing with soap and water is generally preferred.[5][6][7] Hand sanitizer is less effective at killing certain kinds of germs, such as norovirus and Clostridium difficile and unlike soap and water, it cannot remove harmful chemicals.[5] People may incorrectly wipe off hand sanitizer before it has dried,[5] and some are less effective because their alcohol concentrations are too low.[5]
Hand sanitizer
University Medical Pharmaceuticals Hand Sanitizer (transparent version).png
A typical pump bottle dispenser of hand sanitizer gel
Clinical data
Other names
Hand sanitizer, hand antiseptic,[1] hand disinfectant, hand rub, handrub[2]
In most healthcare settings alcohol-based hand sanitizers are preferable to hand washing with soap and water,[8][9] because it may be better tolerated and is more effective at reducing bacteria.[4] Hand washing with soap and water; however, should be carried out if contamination can be seen, or following the use of the toilet.[10] The general use of non-alcohol-based hand sanitizers has no recommendations.[8]
Alcohol-based versions typically contain some combination of isopropyl alcohol, ethanol (ethyl alcohol), or n-propanol, with versions containing 60% to 95% alcohol the most effective.[4] Care should be taken as they are flammable.[8] Alcohol-based hand sanitizer works against a wide variety of microorganisms but not spores.[4] Compounds such as glycerol may be added to prevent drying of the skin.[4] Some versions contain fragrances; however, these are discouraged due to the risk of allergic reactions.[11] Non-alcohol based versions typically contain benzalkonium chloride or triclosan; but are less effective than alcohol-based ones.[12][13][14]
Alcohol has been used as an antiseptic at least as early as 1363 with evidence to support its use becoming available in the late 1800s.[15] Alcohol-based hand sanitizer has been commonly used in Europe since at least the 1980s.[16] The alcohol-based version is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.
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