chemical fertilizers or born on curse for humans explain
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Agriculture is currently facing unprecedented challenges, i.e., to provide food to the world population, and to maintain ecosystem services. Generally, overdoses of chemical fertilizers are applied by farmers in their agricultural fields to maximize crop productivity; however, approximately half of it is not taken up by the crops and gets lost in the environment due to leaching, runoff, emissions and volatilization which cause agronomical, economic, environmental concerns and health threats.
Growing human demand of food production has led to substantial increase in the quantity of nitrogen into the environmental reservoirs as nitrogenous fertilizers are the most excessively used chemicals by farmers. Overfertilization with nitrogen may have adverse impacts on ecosystem structure and function which include biodiversity loss, acidification of soil resulting in negative impact on plant health and productivity, and an increase in susceptibility of plants to secondary stresses. The nitrogen lost into the environment may lead to nitrate pollution of water courses and emissions of both ammonia and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, which in turn may affect climate.
Despite the negative environmental and health impacts, it is difficult to reduce the application of nitrogenous fertilizers in view of the food security for growing global population. Therefore, there is a need to work out the strategies that may address the triple challenge of food security, environmental degradation and climate change. This paper aims at understanding the importance of nitrogen fertilization for meeting the global food demand as well as its adverse impact on environment, plant and human health.
Keywords: Climate, Environment, Food security, Human health, Nitrate, Nitrogenous fertilizers
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