Chemical nature of hormones and their modes of action
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Chemical Nature of Hormones:
All the hormones are organic substances of varying structural complexity. Chemically, they may belong to any of the following categories.
(a) Steroid Hormones:
The hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex, testes, ovaries and placenta are composed of steroids e.g., cortisone, aldosterone, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone.
(b) Proteinous Hormones:
e.g., somatotrophic, thyrotrophic and gonadotrophic hormones secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland and insulin hormone secreted by pancreas.
(c) Catecholamine:
e.g., adrenaline and noradrenaline secreted by the adrenal medulla.
(d) Amino acid derivative:
e.g., thyroxine hormone secreted by the thyroid gland.
(e) Peptide Hormones:
e.g., melanocyte stimulating hormone, the hormones oxytocin and vasopressin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, calcitonin and parathormone.