Chemical properties of Metal and Non-Metal
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Chemical Properties of Nonmetals
Some of the chemical properties of nonmetals are listed below.
Nonmetals except gas carbon and graphite are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Unlike metals, nonmetals are not ductile and malleable.
Nonmetals react more with metals compared to nonmetals.
Nonmetals usually react with other nonmetals at high temperatures.
Most nonmetals do not react with air at room temperature.
The only nonmetal is the white phosphorus that reacts with air to form its oxide by burning.
Nonmetals usually don’t react with water. Except for chlorine, chlorine dissolves in water to produce an acidic solution.
Nonmetals have a low density compared to metals.
Nonmetals do not form alloys. However, some like carbon, silicon, and phosphorous can form.
Chemical Properties of Metals
A few of the chemical properties of metals are listed below.
Usually, the density of metals is high.
Metals are ductile and malleable.
Metals form an alloy either with other metals or nonmetals.
Some metals like iron react with air and corrode.
Metals except lead are good conductors of heat and electricity.
In general, except for Mercury, all other metals are in a solid-state at room temperature. But, Mercury belongs to a liquid state.
More metals produce metal oxide by burning in the oxygen of the air. Highly reactive metals react forcefully when they burnt in oxygen.
Metals like potassium and sodium are stored in oil as they react with air in seconds. They’ belong to highly reactive metals.
Less reactive metals like silver, gold, platinum, and other related ones do not tarnish easily. They stay lustrous and shiny.
Metals produce hydrogen gas and metal oxide while reacting with water.
Soluble metal oxides dissolve in water and form metal hydroxide.
Not every metal reacts with water. However, highly reactive metals such as sodium and potassium react with water violently, and an exothermic reaction takes place where the hydrogen catches fire immediately.
When a metal reacts with an acid, hydrogen, and salt are produced
A metal generally displaces a less reactive metal in a metal salt solution.
At room temperature, nonmetals exist in all states of matter.
Different nonmetals always have different reactions.
In the halogen family, the most reactive metal is chlorine i.e., Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), Chlorine (Cl), and Fluorine (F). The halogen family’s reactivity order is Cl > Br > I.
Thus, Chlorine (Cl) can displace Bromine (Br) and Iodine (I) from solutions of Iodides (NaI) and bromides (NaBr).
Ionic solids are formed when nonmetals containing high electronegativity react with alkaline earth metals and alkali.
