Chemical properties of Metals and Non-Metal :
Explain each with their Reaction.
Answers
Answer :-
Chemical properties of metals
• Metals are electropositive elements it means they lose electrons to form positive ions
• Metals forms basic oxides
•Metals which lie above hydrogen in activity series displaces hydrogen from dilute acids water or steam
• The metals that are highly reactive they react with hydrogen to form ionic hydrides which are generally unstable.
• Metals combine with chlorine to form solid ionic chlorides which conduct electricity in aqueous solution as well as molten state
• Metals have a strong tendency to lose electrons and hence, they behave as reducing agent.
Chemical properties of non metals :-
• Non metals are electronegative elements it means they gain electrons to form negative ions
• Non metals form either acidic or basic oxides
• Non metals except fluorine generally do not react with steam , water and dilute acids.
• Non metals form covalent hydrides which are quite stable
• Non metals combine with chlorine to form covalent chlorides but non metal chlorides do not contain chlorides therefore, they do not conduct electricity.
• Non metals have a strong tendency to accept electrons and hence, They behave as a oxidizing agents
Reaction with metals :-
1) Reaction of metals with oxygen :-
• Metal + Oxygen = Metal Oxide
It is important to note that all metals do not combine with oxygen with same speed.
Examples :-
Sodium and potassium are most reactive metals. They combine with oxygen of the air even at room temperature to form their oxides
• 4Na + O2 gives 2Na2O
• 4k + O2 gives 2K2O
The reaction is so vigorous that these metals can catch fire easily if they kept in the open air that is why they always kept under kerosene oil .
• Mg, Al ,Zn and Pb also combined with oxygen of the air at ordinary temperature to form a protective layer of the oxide on their surfaces. The reaction is much slower as compared to Na, K.
• 2Mg + O gives 2MgO
• 4Al + 3O2 gives 2Al2O3
• Iron combines with oxygen at high temperature.
3Fe + 2O2 on heating gives Fe3O4
• Copper on heating for a long time in air form a black coloured copper oxide called Cupric oxide
2Cu + O2 on heating for a long time gives CuO
• Silver, Gold and platinum do not combine with oxygen . This shows that these metals are least reactive.
2) Reaction of metals with hydrogen :-
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen only highly reactive metals like sodium, potassium, Ca and Mg combine with hydrogen to form compounds called metal hydrides. These are generally passing hydrogen gas over heated metal
2Na + H2 on heating gives 2NaH
Ca + H2 on heating gives CaH2
3) Reaction with chlorine :-
Metals react with chlorine to form metal chlorides. Reactive metals like K, Na, Mg combine with chlorine even at room temperature whereas less reactive metals like Zn, Fe, Al, Cute combine with chlorine on heating.
Reaction on room temperature
• 2Na + Cl2 gives 2NaCl
• Ca + Cl2 gives CaCl2
• Mg + Cl2 gives MgCl2
Reaction on heating
Zn + Cl2 gives ZnCl2
Cu + Cl2 gives CuCl2
4) Reaction of metals with water :-
A number of metals react with water to form a hydroxide or an oxide along with the evolution of hydrogen gas. However reactivity of different metals is different. Some metals react with water at room temperature , Some react on heating , Some on steam or some metals do not show reaction
Na and K react with cold water very violently and the reaction is highly exothermic.
• 2Na + 2H2O gives 2NaOH
• 2K + 2H2O gives 2KOH
Calcium react with water at room temperature forming calcium hydroxide but the reaction is less violent. The heat evolved is not sufficient for hydrogen evolved to catch fire.
• Ca + 2H2O gives Ca(OH)2 + H2
Magnesium reacts with hot water to form magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen
• Mg + 2H2O gives Mg(OH)2 + H2
Al, Zn and Fe react with steam to form metal oxides and hydrogen
• Al + 3H2O gives Al2O3 + 3H2
• Zn + H2O gives ZnO + H2
• 3Fe + 4H2O gives Fe3O4 + 4H2
Answer- Continuity of @fiza100's answer...
Reaction with non metals :-
1) Reaction of non metals with oxygen :-
On heating, Non metals react with oxygen to form oxides, These oxides may be either acidic or neutral.
Acidic oxides :- The non metallic oxides which dissolve in water to form acids called acidic oxides.
• C + O2 gives CO2
Neutral oxides :- Non metallic oxides which neither react with acids nor with base are called Neutral oxides.
• 2H2 + O2 gives 2H2O
2) Reaction of non metals with water :-
Non metals generally do not react with water or steam to produce H2 gas. This is because non metals cannot reduce hydrogen ions from the water but fluorine react with water to form oxygen and Ozone.
• 2F2 + 2H2O gives 4HF + O2
3) Reaction of non metals with chlorine :-
Non metals react with chlorine to form chlorides. These are non metals chlorides are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms of the non metal and the chlorine. Hence, They are covalent compounds . these covalents compound chlorides are non electrolyte means do not conduct electricity.
Examples :-
• H2 + Cl2 gives 2HCl
• P4 + 6Cl2 gives PCl3
4) Reaction of non metals with hydrogen :-
Non metals combine with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides. These hydrides generally gases or liquids. Since non metals do not contain ions. Therefore, they do not conduct electricity.
Examples are :-
• 8H2 + S8 gives H2S
• N2 + 3H2O gives 2NH3