chemical reaction of photosenthesis with their physical states
Answers
Photosynthesis involves a complex series of chemical reactions, each of which convert one substance to another. These reactions taken as a whole can be summarized in a single symbolic representation – as shown in the chemical equation below.
[Figure 2]
We can substitute words for the chemical symbols. Then the equation appears as below.
[Figure 3]
Like all chemical equations, this equation for photosynthesis shows reactants connected by plus signs on the left and products, also connected by plus signs, on the right. An arrow indicating the process or chemical change leads from the reactants to the products, and conditions necessary for the chemical reaction are written above the arrow. Note that the same kinds of atoms, and number of atoms, are found on both sides of the equation, but the kinds of compounds they form change.
You use chemical reactions every time you cook or bake. You add together ingredients (the reactants), place them in specific conditions (often heat), and enjoy the results (the products). A recipe for chocolate chip cookies written in chemical equation form is shown below.
[Figure 4]
Compare this familiar recipe to photosynthesis below.
[Figure 5]
The equation shows that the “ingredients” for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and light energy. Plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria take in light from the sun, molecules of carbon dioxide from the air, and water molecules from their environment and combine these reactants to produce food (glucose).
Of course, light, carbon dioxide, and water mix in the air even without plants. But they do not chemically change to make food without very specific necessary conditions which are found only in the cells of photosynthetic organisms. Necessary conditions include:
enzymes - proteins which speed up chemical reactions
chlorophyll - a pigment within plant cells which absorbs light
chloroplasts - organelles whose membranes embed chlorophyll, accessory pigments, and enzymes in patterns which maximize photosynthesis
Within plant cells or algal cells, chloroplasts organize the enzymes, chlorophyll, and accessory pigment molecules necessary for photosynthesis
.When the reactants meet inside chloroplasts, or the very similar cells of blue-green bacteria, chemical reactions combine them to form two products: energy-rich glucose molecules and molecules of oxygen gas. Photosynthetic organisms store the glucose (usually as starch) and release the oxygen gas into the atmosphere as waste.
Let's review the chemical equation for photosynthesis once more, this time at the level of atoms as in the equation below.
[Figure 7]
Look closely at its primary purpose: storing energy in the chemical bonds of food molecules. The source of energy for food is sunlight energy. The source of carbon atoms for the food molecules is carbon dioxide from the air, and the source of hydrogen atoms is water. Inside the cells of plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, chlorophyll, and enzymes use the light energy to rearrange the atoms of the reactants to form the products, molecules of glucose and oxygen gas. Light energy is thus transformed into chemical energy, stored in the bonds which bind six atoms each of carbon and oxygen to twelve atoms of hydrogen – forming a molecule of glucose. This energy rich carbohydrate molecule becomes food for the plants, algae, and bacteria themselves as well as for the heterotrophs which feed on them.
One last detail: why do “6”s precede the CO2, H2O, and O2? Look carefully, and you will see that this “balances” the equation: the numbers of each kind of atom on each side of the arrow are equal. Six molecules each of CO2 and H2O make 1 molecule of glucose and 6 molecules of oxygen gas.
Summary
The photosynthesis chemical equation states that the reactants (carbon dioxide, water and sunlight), yield two products, glucose and oxygen gas.
The single chemical equation represents the overall process of photosynthesis. It also summarizes many individual chemical reactions that were understood only after hundreds of years of scientific exploration.
Chloroplasts are the organelles within plant and algal cells that organize enzymes and pigments so that the chemical reactions proceed efficiently.
Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs sunlight energy.
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Answer:
The process of photosynthesis is commonly written as: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. This means that the reactants, six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules, are converted by light energy captured by chlorophyll (implied by the arrow) into a sugar molecule and six oxygen molecules, the products.
Explanation:
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