Question

CHEMISTRY-C3 PART - II
REDOX REACTION
The rules useful for the oxidation number are stated below:
a)
Each atom in uncombined state of an element in any of its allotropic form is assigned an oxidation
number zero.
Oxidation number of H in hydrogen is zero
Oxidation number of Au in gold is zero
b) Oxidation number of an element in all its compounds may not be a fixed value. It may be
variable depending upon the other elements and number of atoms of the element involved.
Oxidation number of S in hydrogen sulphide is -2, in sulphurdioxide is 4 and in
sulphurhexafluoride is +6. However, oxidation number of an alkali metal in all its compounds
is +1 and of an alkaline earth metal in all its compounds is +2. Transition elements and inner
transition elements usually exhibits variable oxidation numbers.
c) Oxidation number of helium or neon is always zero, since they have no chemical activity.
d) The universal oxidation number of fluorine in all its compounds is -1.
Fluorine does not exhibit positive oxidation states. This is due to its highest electronegativity.
Oxidation number of F in hydrogen fluoride is -1, in sulphurhexafluoride is -1, in boronfluoride
is -1 and in oxygen difluoride is -1.
e) Oxidation state of hydrogen in its compounds is usually +1 and in methane is +1. Oxidation
number of H in ammonia is +1.
Oxidation state of hydrogen in covalent or molecular hydrides is +1. It is -1 in ionic or saline
hydrides and zero in interstetial hydrides.
f) Oxidation number of oxygen in its compounds is usually -2.
Oxidation number of O in water is -2, sulphurdioxide is -2 and in sulphurtrioxide is -2.
However, oxidation state of oxygen in peroxides like H,O, Na,O,, Bao,, etc., is -1 and in
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