Question

¶ Chemistry Experts Please Help Me friends....... Will you please explain all the 4 quantum numbers : 1. Principal Q.No.2. Orbital / Angular Momentum Q.No. 3. Magnetic Orbital Q.No. 4. Spin Q.No. As i need it for my tomorrow's exam !!! Thanks for helping me (^_=) ¶

Answer 1

$\textbf{Answer:}$

$\textbf{Quantum numbers}$ are the numbers that define the location of electrons in the orbitals around the nucleus of an atom.

There are four quantum numbers:

$\textbf{1. Principle QN}$

➠ This quantum number describes the energy and the distance from the nucleus, and represents the shell.

For example, 2s subshell is in the n = 2 shell.

$\textbf{2. Angular Momentum QN}$

➠This quantum number describes the shape of the subshell and it's orbitals, where ι = 1, 2, 3... corresponding to s, p, d and f, subshells respectively.

For example, the n = 3 has subshells of ι = 1, 2, which means that n = 3 shell contains only s, d and p subshells. The n = 2 has only ι = 0, 1 so it has only subshells s and p. Here we can see that each shell has up to n - 1 orbitals / subshells.

$\textbf{3. Magnetic Orbital QN}$

➠ It simply describes the orientation of orbitals in the subshells in space. For example, a 2p orbital with n = 2 and ι = 1. Here we can have m1 = -1, 0, 1. We can observe that the orbital p has 3 possible values in space.

$\textbf{4. Spin QN}$

➠ It describes the spin of each electron in the orbital. It only has 2 values that are + 1/2 and -1/2.

We know that there are two electrons in each orbital, so therefore, they should have opposite spins. Here one electron is of value +1/2 and the other is of -1/2.

Electron is described by all these quantum numbers.
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Answer 2

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