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• Chemistry Lavoisier
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I’m not one of them but I hope you don't mind as long as I don't give irrelevant answer.
So..coming to your question now
How magnesium and iron react with oxygen?
When a metal react with oxygen it makes a metal oxide.
→ Magnesium releases lots and lots of energy. When it does it's what we call a very reactive metal. When it reacts with oxygen it produces very light bright.
2MgO + O₂ ➝ 2MgO
→ Metal like Iron react with oxygen very slowly.
When iron reacts with oxygen an iron oxide compound will be formed(rust). Iron will rust so it goes brown and it doesn't give off a lot of heat and light.
4Fe + 3O₂ ➝ 2Fe₂O₃
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Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier forever changed the practice and concepts of chemistry by forging a new series of laboratory analyses that would bring order to the chaotic centuries of Greek philosophy and medieval alchemy. Lavoisier’s work in framing the principles of modern chemistry led future generations to regard him as a founder of the science.
Beliefs in Chemistry at Lavoisier’s Time
When the 17-year-old Lavoisier left Mazarin College in Paris in 1761, chemistry hardly could be called a true science. Unlike physics, which had come of age through the work of Isaac Newton a century earlier, chemistry was still mired in the legacy of the Greek philosophers. The four elements of Aristotle — earth, air, fire, and water — had been slowly modified by the medieval alchemists, who added their own arcane language and symbolism.
Thrown into this mix was the concept of phlogiston. Developed by the German scientist Georg Ernst Stahl early in the 18th century, phlogiston was a dominant chemical concept of the time because it seemed to explain so much in a simple fashion. Stahl believed that every combustible substance contained a universal component of fire, which he named phlogiston, from the Greek word for inflammable. Because a combustible substance such as charcoal lost weight when it burned, Stahl reasoned that this change was due to the loss of its phlogiston component to the air.
It followed that the less residue a substance left after burning, the greater its phlogiston content. Turning from organic substances to metals, Stahl knew that a metal calx (known today as an oxide) heated with charcoal formed the original metal. He proposed that the phlogiston of the charcoal had united with the calx. Therefore, metals, which were thought to contain phlogiston, were also classified as combustibles.
The difficulty with this scheme was the reverse reaction. When metals were strongly heated in air, the resulting calx weighed more than the original metal, not less, as would be expected if the lead had lost the phlogiston component. This inconsistency caused some phlogistonists to suggest that phlogiston might even have a negative weight. Lavoisier was introduced to phlogiston by Guillaume Franåois Rouelle, whose lectures he attended while pursuing a law degree. By 1772, having abandoned law to pursue a career in science, Lavoisier turned his curiosity to the study of combustion.
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