Chemotaxonomy classification
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Chemotaxonomy, also called chemosystematics, is the attempt to classify and identify organisms (originally plants) according to confirmable differences and similarities in their biochemical compositions. Chemotaxonomy-based plant selection is a prerequisite for the successful natural product research.
Answer:
Chemotaxonomy, also called chemosystematics, is the attempt to classify and identify organisms (originally plants) according to confirmable differences and similarities in their biochemical compositions. Chemotaxonomy-based plant selection is a prerequisite for the successful natural product research. Due to difficulty in PCR amplification, molecular markers are very often inapplicable for yew extracts. More importantly, the gene variations cannot represent the variations at the metabolite level that are closely related to the manufacturing process of taxanes. Novel classifications based on metabolic analysis are thus highly desirable. During the past 20 years, some substantial quantitative and qualitative variations among different Taxus species have been found using modern analytic techniques (van Rozendaal et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2011). However, there was no practical chemical classification that can be applied to yew species identification. The systemic analysis of yew constituents is a big challenge, due to the numerous constituents from different classes and varying metabolite levels caused by many nongenetic factors such as developmental stage, climate, elevation, and slope exposure. As a rapid, cost-efficient, and popular analysis method, HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) fingerprinting has been regarded as the first choice for medicinal plant identification and quality control (Lu et al., 2005; Xie et al., 2006). A holistic approach of fingerprint analysis, profile similarity-based clustering, and choice of taxonomic markers capable of capturing the greatest chemical variations is proposed for Taxus classification (Ge et al., 2008b). Thirty samples representing eight Taxus species are collected and analyzed, and the fingerprint-based data are extracted and processed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Based on the PCA loadings, 12 chemical constituents, identified by LC–mass spectrometry (MS), are selected as the chemotaxonomic markers that can be used to establish a more sensible classification. Eight studied species are divided into six well-supported groups, and most samples can be assigned to the correct species. Traditional chemotaxonomic and chemosystematic studies are frequently used to infer relationships among plant taxa, by using the average concentration of several preselected compounds (van Rozendaal et al., 1999). However, they could not be used to examine the variations within species and may result in wrong conclusions in cases where the intraspecific variation is large (Becerra, 2003; Wink, 2003). In contrast, profile-based classification can investigate variations within and among species by comparison of fingerprints (Vieira et al., 2003). Moreover, the fingerprint similarity-based taxonomy, which relies on the ratio of selected constituents, can improve the misclassifications caused by large quantitative differences.
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