Question

Choose a tsunami hit area and study the following in that region -
i. Extent of damage and location of the epicenter.
ii. Areas affected
iii. How could the damages be minimized?
iv. What measures to be adopted to save the coastal fishermen & villagers, hotelier
and the tourists?
v. What guidelines to be followed by the people so that they can prevent loss of life
next time?


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Answer 1

Tsunami of Japan 2011!

(i)A  8.9-magnitude tremor earthquake came in Japan along with Tsunami in 2011. Officials says and many people predict that 350 people are dead and about 500 missing, but it is feared the final death toll will be much higher.

(ii)Areas affected are:
-Iwate
-Miyagi
-Fukushima 
-Tokyo 

(iii)Damages could be minimised by having 24x7 rescue force, armed weapons, strong buildings and huge walls in tsunami prone areas.

(iv)Measures to be adopted to save the coastal fishermen & villagers, hotelier and the tourists are.....
Rescue force should work properly
There should be a uniform supply of food and water to the people who are affected.

(v)Rapidly rising or falling coastal waters and rumblings of an offshore earthquake.

Answer 2

Artificial structures can be constructed to protect coastal areas from natural hazards, such as storm surges and tsunamis. However, they can cause environmental problems and are expensive. Recently, mangroves and other types of coastal forests and vegetation have increasingly been reconsidered as possible alternatives to be used instead of, or in conjunction with, artificial structures. Mangrove forests are vegetated inter-tidal wetlands that provide goods and environmental services, including protection against wave impact and erosion. The dynamics of tidal flow and wind waves moving through vegetation, including mangroves, are well understood. Tsunamis, on the other hand, are transient waves with much longer wavelengths, such that tidal research cannot be readily applied. Yet, quantitative evaluations of mangroves and other coastal forests as protection against a tsunami’s potentially catastrophic impact are limited. This paper describes the effectiveness of forests in mitigating tsunami waves through hydraulic resistance (drag and impact force) owing to bottom roughness and vegetation. Numerical models to simulate the effectiveness of mangroves in reducing tsunami incursion are presented.
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