Chromosome structure along with its important to me
Answers
The chromosomes consist of two connected threads, each thread is called the chromatid, The two chromatides are connected at a point known as the centromere which is the point of connection of the two chromatides of chromosome during the cell division.
The centromeres help to keep the chromosomes properly aligned during the complex process of the cell division, As the chromosomes are copied in the preparation for production of a new cell, The centromere serves as an attachment site for the two halves of each replicated chromosome, known as sister chromatids .
The DNA molecule is packaged into thread like structures called the chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell, Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around the proteins called the histones that support its structure.
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere which divides the chromosome into two sections or “arms” The short arm of the chromosome is labeled the “p arm”, The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the “q arm”, The location of the centromere on each chromosome gives the chromosome its characteristic shape, and it can be used to help describe the location of the specific genes.
Each chromatid consists of protein and a nucleic acid called DNA which carries the genes that carry the genetic traits of the living organism, DNA is the nucleic acid that forms the chromosomes that present in the cell nucleus and it carries the genes.
The bodies of multicellular living orgnisms contain two kinds of cells which are the somatic cells and the reproductive cells, The somatic cells are all the body cells except the reproductive cells.
The somatic cells in the humans and the animals such as the cells of the liver , the cells of the kidney , And the somatic cells in the plants such as the cells of the roots , the cells of the stem , the cells of the leaves .
The cell nucleus is responsible for the cell division because it contains the genetic material of the living organisms which consists of a number of chromosomes that have the main role in the cell division .
The somatic cells contain two sets of chromosomes (one inherited from the father and the other from the mother), The number of chromosomes in the somatic cells is a diploid number ( 2 N ) , while in the gametes [ the male gametes ( the sperms ) and the female gametes ( ova ) ] is a haploid number ( N ).
All the somatic cells contain 23 chromosomes in the human, The humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, And 46 chromosomes for a total, Each species of plants and the animals has a set number of chromosomes .
