Chronic mild stress and histopathology of brain
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Chronic stress is the response to emotional pressure suffered for a prolonged period of time in which an individual perceives they have little or no control. It involves an endocrine system response in which corticosteroids are released. While the immediate effects of stress hormones are beneficial in a particular short-term situation, long-term exposure to stress creates a high level of these hormones. This may lead to high blood pressure (and subsequently heart disease), damage to muscle tissue, inhibition of growth, suppression of the immune system,[1] and damage to mental health.
Much like pattern recognition is used for classifying diseases, so too can normal histology be approached based on tissue pattern recognition. Normal cells of the brain include neurons, glia, and microglia, as well as endothelial and perivascular cells, leptomeningeal cells, melanocytes, and choroid plexus. The morphologies, organization, and function of these cell types vary dramatically based on brain region, which is evident by the contrasting histologic features of the cerebral cortex and white matter, basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord, as well as specialized structures such as the pineal and pituitary glands and the hippocampus. The practice of surgical neuropathology also requires a familiarity with the features of the developing brain as well as those features associated with aging.
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