chronological order :what is our system of elections? ch. electoral politics
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Answer:
The Election Commission of India is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering Union and State election processes in India. The body administers elections to the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies in India, and the offices of the President and Vice President in the country.
India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. Democracy runs like a golden thread in the social, economic and political fabric woven by the Constitution given by ‘We, the People of India’ unto ourselves. The concept of democracy as visualised by the Constitution pre-supposes the representation of the people in Parliament and State legislatures by the method of election. The Supreme Court has held that democracy is one of the inalienable basic features of the Constitution of India and forms part of its basic structure. The Constitution of India adopted a Parliamentary form of government. Parliament consists of the President of India and the two Houses — Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. India, being a Union of states, has separate state legislatures for each state. State legislatures consist of the Governor and two Houses — Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly — in seven states, namely, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, and of the Governor and the state Legislative Assembly in the remaining 22 states. Apart from the above, two out of the seven Union Territories, namely, National Capital Territory of Delhi and Puducherry, also have their Legislative Assemblies.
CONSTITUENCIES & RESERVATION OF SEATS
The country has been divided into 543 Parliamentary Constituencies, each of which returns one MP to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament. The Federal Democratic Republic of India has thirty six constituent units. All the twenty nine States and two of the seven Union Territories have their own assemblies - Vidhan Sabhas. The thirty one Assemblies have 4120 Constituencies.
STATICS AT A GLANCE
THE DEMOGRAPHICS
Total Population 1.2 billion
Total Area 3.3 million km2
Number of Electors 834,082,814 (compared to 173,212,343 in1951-52)
Male Voters
437,035,372
Female Voters 397,018,915
Third Gender 28,527
Youth (18-19) 13,430,193
Total No. of Polling Stations 9,27,553
Total No. of Assembly Constituencies at Present 4,120
THE PARLIAMENT
Rajya Sabha Not more than 250 members (243 at present); 12 members are nominated by the President under Article 80 of the Constitution
Lok Sabha 543 members plus 2 members of the Anglo-Indian community, nominated by the President under Article 331 of the Constitution
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