Question

Circumstances that led to the emergence of sociology in Europe in 19th century.

Answer 1

1. Sociology was born in 19th century Europe as a result of the changes brought by enlightenment, French revolution and the industrial revolution.
2. The medieval Europe was a feudal society and church was dominating all spheres of society. With scientific revolution people began questioning every aspect of life including the church and the king.
3. Scientific revolution gave importance to reasoning and rationalising. These values of intellectual led to creating awareness relating to the political freedom and French revolution of 1789 was popularised.
4. French revolution ended monarch and established liberty, equality and fraternity to all citizens which again created a new social order.
5. Industrial revolution is the last revolution which changes the entire society with the advancement of science and technology. Migration, capitalism, urbanisation were brought in industrialization and the working class became important.
6. The numerous changes in society and creation of a new social order was observed by various scholars of that time and they try to make sense of this revolutionary changes and the necessary steps to restore order.

Thus, sociology emerged in Europe.