Civics chapter 7th cbse L 2 back exercises
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Answer:
1. In this chapter, you have read that health is a wider concept than illness. Observe this quote from the Constitution and explain the terms ‘living standard’ and ‘public health’ in your own words. An important aspect of the Constitution says it is the “duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health”.
Solution: Living standard is defined as an individual’s level of living – with regards to wealth, comfort, material goods and in this context, health. Living in excellent hygienic conditions are a good indicator of how high the living standard of an individual or the nation in general is. On the contrary, the lower the hygiene standards, the lower the living standards. An example of a low living standard is staying in dirty surroundings and consuming unhygienic food.
Public health is defined as the science of protecting and improving the general health of the general population through education, policy-making and research on disease and injury prevention. Indicators such as mortality rate, birth rate, nutrition index, etc. are used to measure how good or bad public health is for a given population
2. What are the different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare to all? Discuss
Solution: The government can take the following steps in providing basic healthcare to its citizens
As in the case of the Kerala government, state governments can empower local panchayats by funding them, in the process making them a self-reliant healthcare unit.
Governments can lay emphasis on imparting education regarding healthcare to the local populace, such as healthy habits and the benefits of a healthy lifestyle.
By providing sanitation, safe drinking water, sanitation and nutrition.
Organization of free health check-ups on a monthly basis will also play a crucial role.
3. What differences do you find between private and public healthcare services in your area? Use the following table to compare and contrast these.
FacilityCost of ServicesAvailability of servicePrivatePublic
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Solution:
FacilityCost of servicesAvailability of servicePrivateHigh, very expensiveEverything is available but at a high costPublicEither free or at a subsidised costThere is always a rush at public hospitals. Even though basic services are available, they are inadequate for the large number of patients visiting such hospitals
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4. ‘Improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases’. Explain with the help of examples.
Solution: Poor quality of water leads to a rise in many communicable diseases like cholera, typhoid and jaundice. In addition to that, the sources of such poor quality of water often act as a breeding ground for parasites and insects. Particularly, stagnant water can cause mosquitoes to breed, which are the agents of Chikungunya, Dengue, Malaria, etc. Eliminating these breeding grounds for parasites will prove crucial in improving the health conditions of the populace living nearby.
For example, let’s consider the recent outbreak of dengue that happened in the city. Negligence on the part of the civic authorities in maintaining the canals and lakes leads to a surge in dengue and malaria cases across the city. Mosquito larvae need stagnant water to grow. Due to pollution and faulty waste management practices, these canals and lakes had turned into an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes. It was only after draining the canals and cleaning the lakes with the help of sewage treatment plants and solvents, the outbreak was contained.
Explanation:
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