class 10 agriculture geo. notes
Answers
Explanation:
Two-thirds of India’s population is engaged in agricultural activities. Agriculture is a primary activity, which produces most of the food raw material for various industries. In CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 – Agriculture, you will study the various types of farming, cropping patterns and major crops grown in India. In the end, you will know how much Agriculture contributes to the National Economy, Employment and Output. You can also download these notes in PDF for offline reading as well.
Types of Farming
The cultivation methods depend upon the characteristics of the physical environment, technological know-how and socio-cultural practices. Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type. In different parts of India, the following farming systems are practised.
Primitive Subsistence Farming
It is a ‘slash and burn’ agriculture. Farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops. When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation. It is known by different names in different parts of the country. It is known as jhumming in north-eastern states.
Land productivity is low in this type of agriculture.
This type of farming depends on monsoon.
This farming is practised in a few parts of India.
Intensive Subsistence Farming
This type of farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land.
It is labour-intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for higher production.
Commercial Farming
This type of farming uses higher doses of modern inputs such as high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides to obtain higher productivity.
Plantation is a type of commercial farming in which a single crop is grown on a large area. Plantations cover large tracts of land, using capital intensive inputs, with the help of migrant labourers. All the produce is used as a raw material in industries.
Eg: Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Sugarcane, Banana.
Cropping Pattern
India has three cropping seasons:
Rabi
Kharif
Zaid