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Class 11 chemistry chapter 10 notes

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The s-Block Elements:

The group 1 and group 2 elements of the periodic table are known as the s-block factors. The group 1 elements are alkali metals, and the group 2 elements are alkaline earth metals. They are named so due to the alkaline nature of the hydroxides and oxides. Alkaline earth metals are characterized via way of means of s-electrons, while alkali metals via way of means of one s-electron withinside the valence shell in their atoms. These metals form mono high-quality and dipositive ions and are extraordinarily reactive.

Periodic Trends In Properties Of Elements

1. Alkali metal – These metals are silvery-white, low melting, smooth, and extraordinarily reactive. The ionic length in addition to the atomic length will increase down the group. On the opposite hand, the ionization enthalpies lower down the group. These compounds are in general ionic. Their hydroxides and oxides dissolve in water to shape sturdy alkalies. Some compounds of sodium are sodium chloride, sodium hydrogen carbonate, etc. Manufacturing of Sodium hydroxide is completed via way of means of the Castner-Kellner system and production of sodium carbonate is completed via way of means of the Solvay system.
2. Alkaline earth metals – These metals have elevated cationic charges. Their ionic length, in addition to atomic length, is reduced. Hydroxides and oxides of alkaline earth metals are much less basic. Some compounds of calcium are calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, etc.
3. Diagonal relationship – The first detail of group 1 and the second detail in group 2 display comparable homes i.e Lithium from group 1 and Beryllium in group 2. Therefore such similarities are known as diagonal relationships.

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