Class 11Th - Chemistry , Give Me Notes Of Structure Of Atom
Answers
The atom is the basic unit of matter. It is the smallest thing that can have a chemical property. There are many different types of atoms, each with its own name, atomic mass and size. These different atoms are called chemical elements. The chemical elements are organized on the periodic table. Examples of elements are hydrogen and gold.
Helium atom
Helium atom ground state.
An illustration of the helium atom, depicting the nucleus (pink) and the electron cloud distribution (black). The nucleus (upper right) in helium-4 is in reality spherically symmetric and closely resembles the electron cloud, although for more complicated nuclei this is not always the case. The black bar is one angstrom (10−10 m or 100 pm).
Classification
Smallest recognized division of a chemical element
Properties
Mass range
1.67×10−27 to 4.52×10−25 kg
Electric charge
zero (neutral), or ion charge
Diameter range
62 pm (He) to 520 pm (Cs) (data page)
Components
Electrons and a compact nucleus of protons and neutrons
Atoms are very small, but the exact size depends on the element. Atoms range from 0.1 to 0.5 nanometers in width. One nanometer is about 100,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair.This makes atoms impossible to see without special tools. Scientists use experiments to learn how they work and interact with other atoms.
Atoms join together to make molecules: for example, two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom combine to make a water molecule. When atoms join together it is called a chemical reaction.
Atoms are made up of three kinds of smaller particles, called protons (which are positively charged), neutrons (which have no charge) and electrons (which are negatively charged). The protons and neutrons are heavier, and stay in the middle of the atom. They are called the nucleus. They are surrounded by a cloud of electrons which are very lightweight. They are attracted to the positive charge of the nucleus by the electromagnetic force.
The number of protons and electrons an atom has tells us what element it is. Hydrogen, for example, has one proton and one electron; the element sulfur has 16 protons and 16 electrons. The number of protons is the atomic number. Except for hydrogen, the nucleus also has neutrons. The number of protons and neutrons together is the atomic weight.
Atoms move faster when they are in their gas form (because they are free to move) than they do in liquid form and solid matter. In solid materials, the atoms are tightly packed next to each other so they vibrate, but are not able to move (there is no room) as atoms in liquids do.
Step-by-step explanation:
plzzz refer to the above attachment.
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