Question

Class 11th english ncert
Invention of computers
Summary ​

Answer 1

Explanation:

1822: English mathematician Charles Babbage conceives of a steam-driven calculating machine that would be able to compute tables of numbers. The project, funded by the English government, is a failure. More than a century later, however, the world's first computer was actually built.

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Answer 2

Summary on Computer Science and Information Technology
1. The abacus is the first known calculating device. It was invented by the Chinese and is still widely used in the Far East for commercial calculations. Blaise Pascal invented the second mechanical calculator called Pascaline.

2. Charles Babbage is considered as the father of computer because he invented the difference engine and analytical engine. Alan Turing is regarded as the father of modern computer science.

3. The first generation computers used vacuum tubes to store information. Magnetic drums were used for memory. Vacuum tubes were invented by Lee De Forest.

4. Computers Artificial intelligence is being used and Japanese call them 'Knowledge Processors'. John McCarthy is considered as the father of artificial intelligence.

5. ENIAC electronic Numerical Integrator and computer was the world's first successful electronic computer, which was developed by two scientists namely JP Eckert and JW Mauchy. It was the beginning of first generation computer.

6. Super computers are the most powerful computers. These computers are large in size and memory compared to all other computers. The first supercomputer of the world was CRAY-1. The first supercomputer of India was PARAM, which was developed by C-DAC.

7. Hardware is the collection of physical elements that can be seen by the eyes and felt by touching. All input device, output device, memory and processing unit are examples of computer hardware.

8. MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) is mainly used to read the magnetic ink character written on the cheques, manufactured products etc.

9. BCR (Bar Code Reader) is used to read vertical lines having different-different width. It is a 13 digit code and India code in BCR is 890.

10. Plotters are used to print large maps, hard boards, flex, etc. Graphics quality of plotter is better than printer. The best quality printer is Laser printer and the quality of a printer is measured in DPI (Dots per Inch).

11. Memory stores all the data and programs. It receives, holds and delivers data according to the instruction from the control unit. There are two types of primary and secondary memory.

12. RAM is a volatile memory. It is the most common type of memory used in computer. But it can hold data only temporarily because it requires a continuous flow of electrical current.

13. ROM is a non-volatile memory. It is used for storing programme that is not required to change. It is an internal storage area in the computer. It is a silicon chip on motherboard on which instructions are burned at the time of manufacture.