Class - 7
Basic Science
Activity - 1
Integrated farming
Do you have domestic animals or birds at home? There are animals
and birds that can be kept as pets also
Write the names animals and birds kept as pets and complete
the table.
Animals
Birds
Other domestic animals
Answers
Explanation:
7.0 Introduction
1. In the last chapter you have already learned a great deal about animal manures as organic fertilizers (see Section 6.2) and about their advantages for fish production. In this chapter you will learn more about the animals themselves and how best to integrate their production with fish farming.
2. If you are already raising some livestock on your farm, and have suitable conditions for ponds, you may be able to combine animal husbandry with fish production. This can help you to increase your income at little extra cost and, at the same time, provide a valuable solution to the problems of manure disposal. But if you farm fish and are not yet familiar with animal husbandry, you should be aware that starting such an activity, and integrating it with fish production, can be quite difficult and may need some time to work properly.
Additional inputs of animal husbandry
3. As a fish farmer, if you want to raise livestock, you will need a number of additional inputs to integrate animal husbandry and fish farming. Some of these are:
more land and more water;
greater investments for housing, food and young animals;
new skills for managing your livestock;
extra work to manage it properly;
probably better and greater quantities of feed.
4. However, because of the fluctuations in quality and quantity of the manures available, pond management may become more difficult. Water quality will have to be closely and more frequently monitored, particularly if the animals are manuring the ponds directly.
Beginning successfully
5. At the beginning, do not be too ambitious. Start in a small way, with one or two ponds and a few animals.
6. Concentrate on the fattening of young animals bought from other farmers. Later, you may decide to breed your own animals.
7. If you need advice ask more experienced people who already have integrated animal production with fish farming or perhaps your extension agent can help you.
8. Take very good care of your animals. They are an important and costly investment.
9. Ensure that an adequate supply of good water is always available, both for your animals and your fish.
10. Confine your animals close to the ponds, at least at night.
11. Buy locally available construction materials and feeding ingredients at reasonable prices. Make full use of available land to produce protein-rich plant material for feed, erosion control (see Section 4.1) and fencing (see Section 4.5).
12. Closely check the water quality of your ponds and in particular its dissolved oxygen content (see Section 2.5). Manage the water supply accordingly.
13. Adapt the feeding of your fish to the amount of manure distributed (see Chapter 10).
Animal husbandry and fish farming interrelationships

1. Fresh fish to eat
2. Vegetables for family
3. Meat and eggs for family
4. Food scraps for the animals
5. Waste vegetables for your animals
6. Water for the garden
7. Water for your animals
8. Fertilizer for the garden
9. Animal manure for the ponds
Raising animals at different densities
14. A number of animals, such as pigs, ducks, chickens, rabbits, sheep, goats and cows, can be associated with fish farming. The first three are the most popular.
15. Earlier you learned (see Section 6.2) that the maximum amount of manure which may be safely distributed to a pond should be limited, according to pond size, local climate and fish species. Use the following chart to estimate how many animals you will be able to integrate with farm fishing. However, remember that:
you should select the average number of animals to be raised per 100 m2 of pond according to the sensitivity of your fish to low oxygen content;
initially, choose a low density of animals and increase densities carefully, only when you have enough experience with fish farming.
Number of animals to be raised per 100 m2 of pond
Low density
High density
Pigs
0.2-0.3
0.5-1
Ducks
3-5
15-20
Chickens
5-15
20-35
Sheep/goats,
all day
night only
2
4
4
8
Oxen/cows,
all day
night only
0.1-0.2
0.3-0.4
0.2-0.4
0.6-0.7
16. When selecting a particular animal to be integrated with fish farming, local conditions should receive priority, particularly concerning marketing potential and availability of feeding ingredients. The duration of each production cycle may also be important.
Duration of production cycle
Weight
Production cycle
Meat duck
50 g to 1.5-3 kg
2-3 months
Broiler chicken
30-40 g to 1.2-1.7 kg
3-4 months
Pig
15-20 kg to 60-100 kg
5-8 months
hope it will helpful to you give thanks to my answer
good night nd take care of yourself
Answer:
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