Class 7
Give Chapter 13 Solutions
Answers
The short notation 104 stands for the product 10×10×10×10. Here ‘10’ is called the base and ‘4’ the exponent. The number 104 is read as 10 raised to the power of 4 or simply as the fourth power of 10. 104 is called the exponential form of 10,000.
The other portion of the chapter gives insight about Laws of exponents. This particular section is divided into several sub-sections:
Multiplying Powers with the Same Base
Dividing Powers with the Same Base
Taking Power of a Power
Multiplying Powers with the Same Exponents
Dividing Powers with the Same Exponents
Numbers with exponent zero
Once the student has come across various laws of exponents miscellaneous examples using the laws of exponents can be studied.
This is followed by Decimal Number System and expressing large numbers in the standard form.
Any number can be expressed as a decimal number between 1.0 and 10.0 including 1.0 multiplied by a power of 10. Such a form of a number is called its standard form.
The chapter includes 3 unsolved exercises and various solved examples.
The chapter comprises a summary in which all the important concepts of the chapter- Exponents and Powers are mentioned.
Page No 252:
Question 1:
Find the value of:
(i) 26 (ii) 93
(iii) 112 (iv)54
ANSWER:
(i) 26 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 64
(ii) 93 = 9 × 9 × 9 = 729
(iii) 112 = 11 × 11 = 121
(iv)54 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 625
Page No 252:
Question 2:
Express the following in exponential form:
(i) 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 (ii) t × t
(iii) b × b × b × b (iv) 5 × 5 × 7 ×7 × 7
(v) 2 × 2 × a × a (vi) a × a × a × c × c × c × c × d
ANSWER:
(i) 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 = 64
(ii) t × t= t2
(iii) b × b × b × b = b4
(iv) 5 × 5 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 52 × 73
(v) 2 × 2 × a × a = 22 × a2
(vi) a × a × a × c × c × c × c × d = a3 c4 d
Page No 253:
Question 3:
Express the following numbers using exponential notation:
(i) 512 (ii) 343
(iii) 729 (iv) 3125
ANSWER:
(i) 512 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 29
(ii) 343 = 7 × 7 × 7 = 73
(iii) 729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 36
(iv) 3125 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 55
Page No 253:
Question 4:
Identify the greater number, wherever possible, in each of the following?
(i) 43 or 34 (ii) 53 or 35
(iii) 28 or 82 (iv) 1002 or 2100
(v) 210 or 102
ANSWER:
(i) 43 = 4 × 4 × 4 = 64
34 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 81
Therefore, 34 > 43
(ii) 53 = 5 × 5 × 5 =125
35 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 243
Therefore, 35 > 53
(iii) 28 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 256
82 = 8 × 8 = 64
Therefore, 28 > 82
(iv)1002 or 2100
210 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 1024
2100 = 1024 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024 × 1024 ×1024 × 1024
1002 = 100 × 100 = 10000
Therefore, 2100 > 1002
(v) 210 and 102
210 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 1024
102 = 10 × 10 = 100
Therefore, 210 > 102
Page No 253:
Question 5:
Express each of the following as product of powers of their prime factors:
(i) 648 (ii) 405
(iii) 540 (iv) 3,600
ANSWER:
(i) 648 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 23. 34
(ii) 405 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 34 . 5
(iii) 540 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 22. 33. 5
(iv) 3600 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 = 24. 32. 52
Page No 253:
Question 6:
Simplify:
(i) 2 × 103 (ii) 72 × 22
(iii) 23 × 5 (iv) 3 × 44
(v) 0 × 102 (vi) 52 × 33
(vii) 24 × 32 (viii) 32 × 104
ANSWER:
(i) 2 × 103 = 2 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 2 × 1000 = 2000
(ii) 72 × 22 = 7 × 7 × 2 × 2 = 49 × 4 = 196
(iii) 23 × 5 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 8 × 5 = 40
(iv) 3 × 44 = 3 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 3 × 256 = 768
(v) 0 × 102 = 0 × 10 × 10 = 0
(vi) 52 × 33 = 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 25 × 27 = 675
(vii) 24 × 32 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 16 × 9 = 144
(viii) 32 × 104 = 3 × 3 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 9 × 10000 = 90000
Page No 253:
Question 7:
Simplify:
(i) (− 4)3 (ii) (− 3) × (− 2)3
(iii) (− 3)2 × (− 5)2 (iv)(− 2)3 × (−10)3
ANSWER:
(i) (−4)3 = (−4) × (−4) × (−4) = −64
(ii) (−3) × (−2)3 = (−3) × (−2) × (−2) × (−2) = 24
(iii) (−3)2 × (−5)2 = (−3) × (−3) × (−5) × (−5) = 9 × 25 = 225
(iv) (−2)3 × (−10)3 = (−2) × (−2) × (−2) × (−10) × (−10) × (−10)
= (−8) × (−1000) = 8000
Page No 253:
Question 8:
Compare the following numbers:
(i) 2.7 × 1012; 1.5 × 108
(ii) 4 × 1014; 3 × 1017
ANSWER:
(i) 2.7 × 1012; 1.5 × 108
2.7 × 1012 > 1.5 × 108
(ii) 4 × 1014; 3 × 1017
3 × 1017 > 4 × 1014
Page No 260:
Question 1:
Using laws of exponents, simplify and write the answer in exponential form:
(i) 32 × 34 × 38 (ii) 615 ÷ 610 (iii) a3 × a2
(iv) 7x× 72 (v) (vi) 25 × 55
(vii) a4 × b4 (viii) (34)3
(ix) (x) 8t ÷ 82
ANSWER:
(i) 32 × 34 × 38 = (3)2 + 4 + 8 (am × an = am+n)
= 314
(ii) 615 ÷ 610 = (6)15 − 10 (am ÷ an = am−n)
= 65
(iii) a3 × a2 = a(3 + 2) (am × an = am+n)
= a5
(iv) 7x + 72 = 7x + 2 (am × an = am+n)
(v) (52)3 ÷ 53
= 52 × 3 ÷ 53 (am)n = amn
= 56 ÷ 53
= 5(6 − 3) (am ÷ an = am−n)
= 53
(vi) 25 × 55
= (2 × 5)5 [am × bm = (a × b)m]
= 105
(vii) a4 × b4
= (ab)4 [am × bm = (a × b)m]
(viii) (34)3 = 34 × 3 = 312 (am)n = amn
(ix) (220 ÷ 215) × 23
= (220 − 15) × 23 (am ÷ an = am−n)
= 25 × 23
= (25 + 3) (am × an = am+n)
= 28
(x) 8t ÷ 82 = 8(t − 2) (am ÷ an = am−n)