Question

class 7th
chapter name- towns, traders and craft persons

a) How did the English East India Company emerge as the most successful commercial and political
power in the subcontinent?

b) How the rising demand in goods and clothes did changed the life of workers and weavers?​

Answer 1

a) The East India Company was vast and powerful, hiring thousands across the world. But what was it like to work there? And are there parallels with today’s multinationals?

It was the most powerful multinational corporation the world had ever seen. Founded in 1600, the English East India Company’s power stretched across the globe from Cape Horn to China.

The company was established for trading, with a royal charter by Queen Elizabeth I granting it a monopoly over business with Asia.But the Company’s influence went further. It owned the ports of Singapore and Penang and played a major role in developing cities including Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. It was one of the largest employers in Britain and also hired vast numbers overseas: in India, it ran a military of 260,000 local recruits. It shaped everyday life in England and across Europe, from the tea the English started to drink to the calicoes they took to wearing.

b) In the seventeenth century merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages because:The demand for goods increased with the expansion of world trade. The acquisition of colonies was also responsible for the increase in demand. The town producers failed to produce the required quantity.

The trade and commerce guilds were very powerful. They controlled the market, raw materials, employees, and also production of goods in the towns. This created problem for merchants who wanted to increase production by employing more men.

The rulers granted different guilds the monopoly right to produce and trade in specific products. It was therefore difficult for new merchants to set up business in towns. So they turned to the countryside and began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.

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