Class 9 cbse History ch 1 The French Revolution Question and answer give pls?
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Question 1.
Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France?
Answer:
The following circumstances led to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France:
Louis XVI was an autocratic ruler who could not compromise with his luxurious life. He also lacked farsightedness.
When he ascended the throne the royal treasury was empty. Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. Added to this was the cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of Versailles.
Under Louis XVI France helped the thirteen American colonies to gain their independence from Britain the war added more than a billion livres to a dept credit, now began to charge 10% interest on loans. So the French government was obliged to spend an increasing percentage of its budget on interest payments alone.
The state finally increased taxes to meet its regular expenses su?h as the cost of maintaining an army, running government offices and universities.
The French society was divided into three estates but only members of the first two estates i.e,, the clergy and the nobles were exempted to pay taxes. They belonged to privileged class. Thus the burden of financing activities of the state through taxes was borne by the third estate only.
The French administration was extremely corrupt. It did not give weightage to the French Common man.
The state finally increased taxes to meet its regular expenses such as the cost of maintaining an army, running government offices and universities.
Question 2.
Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which groups were forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution?
Answer:The wealthy class of the third estate which came to be known as the new middle class of France benefited the most from the revolution. This group comprised of big businessmen, petty officers, lawyers, teachers, doctors and traders. Previously, these people had to pay state taxes and they did not enjoy equal status. But after the revolution they began to be treated equally with the upper sections of the society.
Question 3.
Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world during the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries.
The ideas of liberty and democratic rights were the most important legacy of the French Revolution. These ideas became an umpiring force for the political movements in the world in the 19th and 20th centuries.
The ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity spread from France to the rest of Europe, where feudal system was finally abolished.
Colonised people reworked on the idea of freedom from bondage into their movements to Create a sovereign nation-state.
Question 4.
Draw up a list of democratic rights we enjoy today whose origins could be traced to the French Revolution.
Answer:
Some of the democratic rights which we enjoy today can be traced to the French Revolution are as follows:
Right to equality including equality before the law, the prohibition of discrimination, and equality of opportunity in matters of employment.
Right to freedom of speech and expression including the right to practice any profession or occupation.
Right against exploitation.
Right to life.
Right to vote.
Would you agree with the view that the message of universal rights was beset with contradictions? Explain.
The French Revolution could not bring economic equality and it is the fact that unless there is economic equality, real equality cannot be received at any sphere. The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen laid stress on equality but large section of the society was denied to it. The right to vote and elect their representatives did not solve the poor man’s problem.
Women were still regarded as passive citizens. They did not have any political rights such as right to vote and hold political offices like men. Hence, their struggle for equal political rights continued .How would you explain the rise of Napoleon?
Answer:
The political instability of the Directory paved the way for the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon had achieved glorious victories in wars. This made France realize that only a military dictator like Napoleon would restore a stable government.
In 1804, he crowned himself the emperor of France. He set out to conquer neighboring European countries, dispossessing dynasties and creating kingdoms where he placed members of his family. Napoleon viewed himself as a moderniser of Europe.
He introduced many laws such as the protection of private property and a uniform system of weight and measures provided by the decimal system. But his rise to power did not last for a long time. He was finally defeated at Waterloo in 1815.
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