class 9 history chapter 1st question answer
Answers
Explanation:
Main circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France are:
- The population of France rose from about 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789. This led to a rapid increase in the demand for foodgrains and an increase in the price of food. At that time, most workers were employed as labourers in workshops whose owner fixed their wages. But wages did not keep pace with the rise in prices. So the gap between the poor and the rich widened. Weather conditions such as drought or hail also affected production and led to a subsistence crisis.
- People get privilege based on birth and not based on merit. Most of the people belonging to the first and second estate had all the power and money and the majority of people depended at the mercy of this privileged class.
- Merchants and manufacturers, the third estate included professions such as lawyers or administrative officials. All of these were educated and believe that no group in society should be privileged by birth. Rather, a person's social position must depend on his merit.
- France supported thirteen American colonies to gain independence from Britain. This war led to scaling debt in France which burdened the public with new taxes.