class 9
NCERT solutions
chapter 2 socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
questions
1. what were the social, economic and political condition in Russia before 1905 ?
2. In what ways the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe before 1917 ?
3. why did the Tsarist autocracy in 1917 ?
4 . what were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October revolution ?
5. write a few lines to show what U know about:
=> kulaks
=> the Duma
=> women workers between 1900 and 1930
=> the liberals
=> Stalin's collective programme
please give me answers
Answers
Answer:
1. The social, economic and political conditions in Russia, before 1905 was quite backward. Social inequality was very prominent among the working class. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation.
2. Working population in Russia were different from other countries in Europe in many ways: (i) Working population in Russia was living under autocratic rule of the Tsar. ... In Europe steps were already taken to protect the interest of workers. (iv) Russian workers were a divided social group.
3. The Tsarist autocracy collapsed in 1917 due to the following reasons— (a) Miserable Condition of the Workers (i) The industrial workers in Russia got very low wages. (ii) They had very long working hours, sometimes upto 15 hours.
4. The main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution were (i)The Bolsheviks were totally opposed to private property Therefore most industries and banks were nationalised. (ii) Land was declared social property and peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility.
5. Kulkas: (In Russia after 1906) a member of the class of peasants who became proprietors of their own farms. After the October Revolution the kulaks opposed collectivization of land, but in 1929 Stalin initiated their liquidation.
The Duma: A duma was a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions. The term comes from the Russian verb думать meaning "to think" or "to consider".
Women workers between 1900 and 1930:
(i) Woman made-up 31 per cent of the factory labour force by 1914, but they were paid less than men. (ii) Women were also involved in strikes. For example lockout on 22 February was largely organized by women-workers they also worked in state controlled collective farms.
The liberals: Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law. ... Yellow is the political colour most commonly associated with liberalism.
Stalin's collective programme:
The Soviet Union implemented the collectivization (Russian: Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 during the ascension of Joseph Stalin. ... Planners regarded collectivization as the solution to the crisis of agricultural distribution (mainly in grain deliveries) that had developed from 1927.
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