Class 9 sst ch forest society and colonism / describe rebellion in forest ?
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Rebellion In The Forest
Location of Bastar and Believes of the People of Bastar:
Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra. The central part of Bastar is on a plateau.A number of different communities live in Bastar such as Maria and Muria Gonds, Dhurwas,Bhatras and Halbas. They speak different languages but share common customs and beliefs.The people of Bastar believe that each village was given its land by the Earth, and in return, they look after the earth by making some offerings at each agricultural festival. They show respect to the spirits of the river, the forest and the mountain.Since each village knows where its boundaries lie, the local people look after all the natural resources within that boundary. If people from a village want to take some wood from the forests of another village, they pay a small fee called devsari, dandor man in exchange.Some villages also protect their forests by engaging watchmen and each household contributes some grain to pay them. Every year there is one big hunt where the headmen of villages meet and discuss issues of concern, including forests.
Causes for Bastar Rebellion:
When the colonial government proposed to reserve two-thirds of the forest in 1905, and stop shifting cultivation, hunting and collection of forest produce, the people of Bastar were very worried.Some villages were allowed to stay on in the reserved forests on the condition that they worked free for the forest department in cutting and transporting trees, and protecting the forest from fire. So these came to be known as forest villages.People of other villages were displaced without any notice or compensation. Villagers had been suffering from increased land rents and frequent demands for free labour and goods by colonial officials.Then the terrible famines came, in 1899-1900 and again in 1907-1908. Rebellion became inevitable.
How was the Bastar Rebellion organized?
People began to gather and discuss these issues in their village councils, in bazaars and at festivals or wherever the headmen and priests of several villages were assembled.The initiative was taken by the Dhurwas of the Kanger forest, where reservation first took place. Leader of the rebellion was Gunda Dhur, from village Nethanar. They prepare weapons like mango boughs, a lump of earth, chillies and arrows, which began circulating between villages.These were actually messages inviting villagers to rebel against the British. Every village contributed something to the rebellion expenses.Bazaars were looted, the houses of officials and traders, schools and police stations were burnt and robbed, and grain redistributed. Most of those who were attacked were in some way associated with the colonial state and its oppressive laws.It took three months (February - May) for the British to regain control. However, they never managed to capture Gunda Dhur.
Results of the Bastar Rebellion:
In a major victory for the rebels, work on reservation was temporarily suspended.The area to be reserved was reduced to roughly half of that planned before 1910.
Location of Bastar and Believes of the People of Bastar:
Bastar is located in the southernmost part of Chhattisgarh and borders Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra. The central part of Bastar is on a plateau.A number of different communities live in Bastar such as Maria and Muria Gonds, Dhurwas,Bhatras and Halbas. They speak different languages but share common customs and beliefs.The people of Bastar believe that each village was given its land by the Earth, and in return, they look after the earth by making some offerings at each agricultural festival. They show respect to the spirits of the river, the forest and the mountain.Since each village knows where its boundaries lie, the local people look after all the natural resources within that boundary. If people from a village want to take some wood from the forests of another village, they pay a small fee called devsari, dandor man in exchange.Some villages also protect their forests by engaging watchmen and each household contributes some grain to pay them. Every year there is one big hunt where the headmen of villages meet and discuss issues of concern, including forests.
Causes for Bastar Rebellion:
When the colonial government proposed to reserve two-thirds of the forest in 1905, and stop shifting cultivation, hunting and collection of forest produce, the people of Bastar were very worried.Some villages were allowed to stay on in the reserved forests on the condition that they worked free for the forest department in cutting and transporting trees, and protecting the forest from fire. So these came to be known as forest villages.People of other villages were displaced without any notice or compensation. Villagers had been suffering from increased land rents and frequent demands for free labour and goods by colonial officials.Then the terrible famines came, in 1899-1900 and again in 1907-1908. Rebellion became inevitable.
How was the Bastar Rebellion organized?
People began to gather and discuss these issues in their village councils, in bazaars and at festivals or wherever the headmen and priests of several villages were assembled.The initiative was taken by the Dhurwas of the Kanger forest, where reservation first took place. Leader of the rebellion was Gunda Dhur, from village Nethanar. They prepare weapons like mango boughs, a lump of earth, chillies and arrows, which began circulating between villages.These were actually messages inviting villagers to rebel against the British. Every village contributed something to the rebellion expenses.Bazaars were looted, the houses of officials and traders, schools and police stations were burnt and robbed, and grain redistributed. Most of those who were attacked were in some way associated with the colonial state and its oppressive laws.It took three months (February - May) for the British to regain control. However, they never managed to capture Gunda Dhur.
Results of the Bastar Rebellion:
In a major victory for the rebels, work on reservation was temporarily suspended.The area to be reserved was reduced to roughly half of that planned before 1910.
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