Class VI History: Holiday Assignment.
Chapter 2: Answer the following questions in
eight to ten sentences. Marks: 5.
1. Write about different aspects of Australopithecus and Homo- Habilis.
2. Write about different aspects of Homo Erectus and Homo Sapien.
3. Compare the three stages of Stone Age.
Chapter :3:
1. How was the sanitation and sewerage system of Harappan civilisation?
2. Briefly describe the religious life of Harappa.
3. Write about Harappan Script.
Answers
Chapter -2
1. Australopithecines are considered to be the missing link between a fossil line of apes and genus Homo . They had smaller cranial capacity compared to Homo habilis , while the latter had a less protruding jaw.Most palaeontologists believe that
Homo habilis evolved more than 2 million years ago from more primitive southern apes, i.e. Australopithecines in Africa.
Brain volume of Homo habilis was close to 600ml, slightly more than the Australopithicines. .
There was also reduction in the prominence of brow-ridge in Homo habilis , and more rounded appearance of zygomatic arch (cheek bone)
2. Such gradual change with continuity between successive forms has been postulated particularly for North Africa, where H. erectus at Tighenif is seen as ancestral to later populations at Rabat, Temara, Jebel Irhoud, and elsewhere. Gradualism has also been postulated for Southeast Asia, where H. erectus at Sangiran may have progressed toward populations such as those at Ngandong (Solo) and at Kow Swamp in Australia. Some researchers have suggested that similar developments could have occurred in other parts of the world.
3 The Stone Age has been divided into three distinct periods: Paleolithic Period or Old Stone Age (30,000 BCE–10,000 BCE) Mesolithic Period or Middle Stone Age (10,000 BCE–8,000 BCE) Neolithic Period or New Stone Age (8,000 BCE–3,000 BCE)
Chapter -3
1. Sewage was disposed of through underground drains built with precisely laid bricks, and a sophisticated water management system with numerous reservoirs was established. In the drainage systems, drains from houses were connected to wider public drains. Many of the buildings at Mohenjo-Daro had two or more stories.
2. Theories of punctuated change
A gradual transition from H. erectus to Homo sapiens is one interpretation of the fossil record, but the evidence also can be read differently. Many researchers have come to accept what can be termed a punctuated view of human evolution. This view suggests that species such as H. erectus may have exhibited little or no morphological change over long periods of time (evolutionary stasis) and that the transition from one species to a descendant form may have occurred relatively rapidly and in a restricted geographic area rather than on a worldwide basis. Whether any Homo species, including our own, evolved gradually or rapidly has not been settled.
The continuation of such arguments underlines the need for more fossils to establish the range of physical variation of H. erectus and also for more discoveries in good archaeological contexts to permit more precise dating. Additions to these two bodies of data may settle remaining questions and bring the problems surrounding the evolution of H. erectus nearer to resolution.
2. The Indus Valley religion is polytheistic and is made up of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. There are many seals to support the evidence of the Indus Valley Gods. Some seals show animals which resemble the two gods, Shiva and Rudra. ... The Indus people worshipped a Father God who may have been the forefather of the race.
3 The Indus script is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilization. Most inscriptions containing these symbols are extremely short, making it difficult to judge whether or not these symbols constituted a script used to record a language, or even symbolise a writing system.
~ ♛♡ ||MissButterfly|| ♡♛