Class X
Geography
Chapter 1
Resources and Development
Copy all the questions in your notebook. Answer of question number 8, 9, 10, 14 & 16 to be done in the notebook. Learn rest of the answers from the book.
Important Questions
1. Define resources.
2. Classify the resources on the basis of: i. Origin ii. Exhaustibility iii. Ownership and iv. Status of development.
3. Describe five features of each type of soil: i. Alluvial ii. Black iii. Red and yellow iv. Laterite v. Arid vi. Forest.
4. What is resource planning? Why is it essential? Describe its three stages.
5. What are the causes of land degradation in India? Describe five steps that can be taken to solve this problem.
6. Define soil erosion. What are its causes and describe the steps to control it.
7. What is soil? Analyse the factors which help in its formation.
8. What is Agenda 21? Explain.
9. Describe the classification of alluvial soil according to its size of grains or component and age.
10. What are the major problems faced due to indiscriminate use of resources?
11. What was the view of Gandhiji on resource conservation?
12. How can the problem of deforestation be solved?
13. What is sustainable economic development? Why is it necessary?
14. How are gullies formed?
15. What is meant by waste land?
16. Describe the land use pattern in India.
17. 'India has a wide variety of relief features which are the most important resources'. Justify the statement.
Answers
Answer:
8.Agenda 21 is a non-binding action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development. ... It is an action agenda for the UN, other multilateral organizations, and individual governments around the world that can be executed at local, national, and global levels.
Explanation:
9.
1. Alluvial Soils
Formation: They are mainly derived from the debris brought down from the Himalayas or the silt left out by the retreating sea. Thus they are azonal soils.
Areas: Alluvial soils are widespread in the northern plains and the river valleys. Through a narrow corridor in Rajasthan, they extend into the plains of Gujarat. In the Peninsular region, they are found in deltas of the east coast and in the river valleys.
Soil texture: The alluvial soils vary in nature from sandy loam to clay. These soils are more loamy and clayey in the lower and middle Ganga plain and the Brahmaputra valley. The sand content decreases from the west to east.
Soil Colour: The colour of the alluvial soils varies from the light grey to ash grey depending on the depth of the deposition, the texture of the materials, and the time taken for attaining maturity.
Other Characteristic Features:
In the Upper and Middle Ganga plain, two different types of alluvial soils have developed, viz. Khadar and Bhangar.
Khadar: the newer alluvium deposited by floods annually, enriches the soil by depositing fine silts, light colour, found near river beds, porous in nature.Bhangar: older alluvium, clayey, darker, has lime nodules called Kankars, found in doabs (inter-fluve areas).
Alluvial soils of the northern plains —> transported soils —> therefore lack humus —> lack nitrogen [That is why we need to use nitrogenous fertilisers in the northern plains!]. Exception: the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta region is rich in humus.
These soils lack in nitrogen, phosphorus and humus. However, they are generally rich in potash and lime.
The soil profile has no stratification.
Alluvial soils are intensively cultivated.
In certain areas, these soils are covered with unproductive wind-borne soil called Loess.
Limitations:
Allow water to sink into lower strata, and
Lack nitrogen (But these soils are capable of fixing nitrogen very rapidly through leguminous crops (peas, beans, cloves etc.)
10.Indiscriminate use of resources causing various global ecological crises such as global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, environmental pollution & land degradation. Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.
14.A gully is a landform created by running water, eroding sharply into soil, typically on a hillside. Gullies resemble large ditches or small valleys, but are metres to tens of metres in depth and width.
16. Land resources in India are primarily divided into
agricultural land, forest land, land meant for pasture and grazing, land for other non-agricultural use(such as housing, roads and industry) and waste land (rocky, arid and desert areas). In 2002-03, 54 per cent of the total land area was cultivable or fallow, 22.5 per cent was covered by forests and 3.5 per cent was used for grazing. The rest was waste land, with traces of miscellaneous cultivation.